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EN
Numerous studies confirm poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthesis by activated sludge under anoxic/aerobic conditions at high COD/N ratio in wastewater. In the presented experiment poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) storage and degradation were observed in activated sludge at low COD/N ratio ? 3 in wastes. The researches were carried out in a single-stage system with activated sludge under constant oxygen supplied conditions. Readily biodegradable fraction increased in municipal wastewater through the addition of 0,2 g/dm3 acetate. Moreover, ammonium nitrogen was added to the wastes on the level of 50 mgNH4+/dm3. During the reaction time, organic carbon compounds oxidation by activated sludge and intracellular poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) accumulation were observed. Under aerobic conditions and at low COD/N ratio ? 3 in wastewater, activated sludge used accumulated polymer as endogenous carbon source for denitrification. The obtained results show that poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthesis is possible under fully aerobic conditions and at low COD/N ratio.
EN
Cryopreservation offers the possibility for long-term storage of genetic resources with maximal genotypic stability, using a minimum of space and maintenance. At present it is actively used all over the world for storage of plant material: seeds, pollen, spores, dormant buds or apical meristems in genebanks. The development of biotechnology led to the production of a new category of germplasm for cryostorage: in vitro obtain tissues, organs, embryos, special cell lines and genetically modified plant material. The maintenance of in vitro collections remains risky regarding losing accessions due to the contamination, human error or somaclonal variation. The classical slow cooling was the first standard protocol developed for hydrated plant tissues. This method is mainly used for cryopreservation of non-organized tissues, for example: cell suspensions and calli, or apices of cold-tolerant species. For differentiated structures, new cryopreservation techniques such as vitrification and encapsulation/dehydration procedures or droplet method are efficient and reliable. These freezing techniques have been successfully, routinely applied for cryopresevation of various plant material of temperate and tropical climate species. So far, cryopreservation procedures are developed for in vitro tissues and recalcitrant seeds of about 100 and 40 species, respectively.
EN
Phaseolin, the major seed storage protein of Phaseolus vulgaris from forty-four wild and cultivated accessions, was studied using sodium dodecyl sulphate-capillary gel electrophoresis (SDS-CGE). In total, eleven phaseolin profiles, revealing polypeptide subunit variation in the range from 45.6 kDa to 54.4 kDa, were recorded. The number of polypeptide subunits recorded in particular profiles varied from 3 to 6; in total, eight phaseolin subunits were distinguished in the examined material. Ferguson plot analysis was used to correct non-ideal behaviour of phaseolin polypeptide subunits in capillary gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS. The obtained results are compared to electrophoretic data received by slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The SDS-CGE method appears to provide a powerful tool for disclosure of phaseolin subunit variability.
EN
Somatic embryogenesis (SE), resembling zygotic embryogenesis, is a very efficient and fast method of vegetative plant propagation. Somatic embryos, the final products of this process, are immediately or after drying and/ or encapsulation used as artificial seeds. SE efficiency is not only dependent on the quantity, but also on quality of somatic embryos. Although SE has been recorded for species across many genera and from a variety of plant tissues, regeneration of plants from somatic embryos is often a significant problem for some plant species. Many efforts have been made to obtain higher levels of germination and conversion of somatic embryos to plants. This review will focus on the present knowledge about enhancing the vigor of somatic embryos with special attention paid to the effect of plant hormones (gibberellins, ethylene, abscisic acid), germination and conversion of somatic embryos and their influence on the storage reserves content (starch, oligosaccharides), their hydrolytic products (raffinose, sucrose, glucose), and on the activity of hydrolytic enzymes (alpha-amylase).
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