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Prenatal exposure to anticonvulsant drugs and spatial ability in adulthood

100%
Dessens A., Cohen-Kettenis P., Mellenbergh G., van_den_Poll N., Koppe J., Boer K.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1998
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vol. 58
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issue 3
221-225
EN
By disturbing steroid hormone balances in the fetus, the anticonvulsant drugs phenobarbital and phenytoin may affect certain aspects of cognitive functioning. In order to test this hypothesis, we studied hormone related cognitive functioning in 72 men and 75 women who had been prenatally exposed to these drugs and equal numbers of matched control subjects. The groups did not differ on word fluency, dichotic listening and a Water Level Test. On Card Rotations, however, anticonvulsant-exposed males and females obtained significantly lower scores than control subjects. These results suggest that in both males and females prenatal exposure to phenobarbital and phenytoin may affect holistic spatial processing.
2

Expression of Npc1 in Glial Cells Corrects Sterility in Npc1-/- mice

100%
Donohue C., Marion S., Erickson R. P.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2009
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vol. 50
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issue 4
385-390
EN
Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder. One feature of the mouse model of NPC1 is it's infertility. We have made transgenic mice which express the Npc1 protein exclusively in fibrillary astrocytes, using the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. This selective expression of Npc1 corrects sterility in GFAP-Npc1E, Npc1-/- mice. Counts of acidophils in the pituitary of GFAP-Npc1E, Npc1-/- mice, as compared to Npc1-/- mice, and measurements of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) mRNA in the pituitary, suggest mechanisms for fertility enhancement. We conclude that the correction of sterility in GFAP-Npc1E, Npc1-/- mice is a result of restoring hypothalamic control of the pituitary.
3

Genes and enzymes taking part in biotransformation of steroid ring structure

100%
Brzostek A., Poplawski T., Murooka Y., Dziadek J.
Biotechnologia
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1998
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issue 2
67-85
EN
Biotransformation of steroid compounds involves two major steps: side chain degradation, which is poorly understood at the genetic level, and the degradation of steroid ring structure, which is better known. This article describes well known molecular mechanisms of ring structure multistep biodegradation. Particular stress is put on the role of cholesterol oxidase, ketosteroid dehydrogenase, ketosteroid isomerase as the best analysed enzymes involved in steroid biotransformation.
4

Mycobacteria in current genetic research

100%
Golanska E., Sasiak A., Jaworski A., Chmiel A.
|
EN
The article reviews the development of molecular investigations of the genus Mycobacterium. Achievements and difficulties of the genetics of mycobacteria are presented. Vectors and selectable markers commonly used in genetic manipulations and methods of introduction of foreign DNA into mycobacteria are described. The stress is laid not only on the research of the virulent mycobacteria, but also on molecular investigations of the non-pathogenic strains used in steroid drugs industry.
5
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Steroids and ion channels in evolution: from bacteria to synapses and mind. Evolutionary role of steroid regulation of GABA(A) receptors

75%
Majewska M. D.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2007
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vol. 67
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issue 3
219-233
EN
Ion channels are vital components of plasma membranes. This article presents an evolutionary view of the biochemical mechanism of controlling activity of ion channels by rigid lipids, such as steroids or biophysically similar molecules, which were instrumental in formation and control of ion channels in cell membranes at the very origin of life. Such regulatory mechanisms exist in all cellular forms of life from ancient bacteria to humans and participate in a diversity of biological functions, from the most basic, such as maintenance of cell shape, homeostasis, feeding, cell fusion, and reproduction to the most intricate, such as the mind. Learning about the regulation of membrane ion channels by steroids and like molecules is important for understanding the evolution of life and various aspects of cell and organism physiology, for unraveling the mysteries of mind, and for practical purposes such as developing new pharmacotherapies.
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