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Pharmacological and biochemical effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on learning, memory consolidation and motor activity in old rats

100%
Blecharz-Klin K., Piechal A., Joniec I., Pyrzanowska J., Widy-Tyszkiewicz E.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2009
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vol. 69
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issue 2
217-231
EN
Effect of administration of the standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves (EGb 761) on learning, memory and exploratory behavior was estimated in water maze and hole-board tests. Rats (18-month old) received for three months EGb 761 at doses: 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg b.w. per day. After completion of the behavioral experiment, concentrations of neurotransmitters were estimated in selected brain regions. ANOVA demonstrated significant differences in the content of monoamines and metabolites between the treatment groups compared to the control. The increased level of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the hippocampus and 5-HIAA (5-HT metabolite) in the prefrontal cortex correlated positively with the retention of spatial memory. Positive correlation between platform crossings in SE during the probe trial and neurotransmitter turnover suggest improvement of spatial memory. Long-term administration of Ginkgo biloba extract can improve spatial memory and motivation with significant changes in the content and metabolism of monoamines in several brain regions.
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Naloxone impairs spatial performance in rats

88%
Lukaszewska I.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1997
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vol. 57
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issue 1
71-74
EN
Naloxone injected (1.0 mg/kg) and saline injected control rats were subjected to a two trial test of object localization memory. In trial I rats were allowed to explore for 5 min an enclosed T maze with an object (plastic bottle) placed in one maze arm. Then, the object was removed and after a 20 min retention interval rats were faced with two empty arms of the same maze (trial II). Control rats showed good retention of the place occupied by the object, displaying a significant preference (74%, ) for the arm which previously contained the object. Naloxone treated rats responded at chance levels (53%). An accurate performance in this task is normally based on information provided by spatial cues outside the maze (cognitive map), so that a random performance of Naloxone treated rats could supposedly be related to some disorders in the internal representation of the environment.
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