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Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Fructose to 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural

100%
Qiao Y., Theyssen N., Hou Z.
Recyclable Catalysis
|
2015
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vol. 2
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issue 1
EN
Hydroxymethylfurfural (abbreviated as HMF), also 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, is an organic compound derived from dehydration of certain sugars. HMF is primarily considered as a starting material for liquid transportation fuels and polyester building block chemicals. The most convenient synthetic method of HMF is based on acidcatalyzed triple dehydration of fructose. Although there are many studies about fructose dehydration to 5-HMF since this field started to be investigated, it is necessary to provide a new review about fructose dehydration to 5-HMF. In the following, we will make a summary (in detail) of catalytic systems of fructose dehydration to HMF achieved by different acid catalysts, including mineral and organic acids, metal complexes, heteropoly acid-based materials, Ionic Liquids, ion-exchange resins, zeolites, functionalized carbonaceous materials and mesoporous silica materials. It has been demonstrated that nearly full conversion of fructose and 100% HMF selectivity could be obtained with some acidic catalytic systems up to now.
2
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Evolution of Aluminium Melt Quality of A356 After Several Recycling

86%
Gursoy O., Erzi E., Tur K., Dispinar D., Gursoy O., Erzi E., Tur K., Dispinar D.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2020
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vol. 20
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issue 4
3
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Effect of Magnet Scrap Size on the Extraction Behavior of Heavy Rare Earth Elements by Liquid Metal Extraction

86%
Nam S.-W., Rasheed M. Z., Park S.-M., Lee S.-H., Kim D.-H., Kim T.-S., Nam S.-W., Rasheed M. Z., Park S.-M., Lee S.-H., Kim D.-H., Kim T.-S.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2020
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vol. 65
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issue 4
4
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Recycling of styrofoam waste: synthesis, characterization and application of novel phenyl thiosemicarbazone surface

86%
Siyal A. N., Memon S. Q., Khuhawar M. Y.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2012
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vol. 14
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issue 4
11-18
EN
An attempt has been made to recycle Styrofoam waste to a novel functional polymer, Phenyl thiosemicarbazone surface (PTS). Polystyrene (PS) obtained from Styrofoam waste was acetylated and then condensed to PTS by reacting it with 4-Phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide ligand and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Synthesized PTS was applied successfully for the treatment of lead contaminated water by batch extraction method. Sorption variables were optimized (pH 8, adsorbent dose 53mg, initial Pb(II) ion concentration 10mgl-1 and agitation time 90min) by factorial design approach. Lead uptake by PTS was found much sensitive to the pH of Pb(II) ion solution. The maximum removal (99.61%) of Pb(II) ions was achieved at optimum conditions. The Langmuir and D-R isotherm study suggested the monolayer, favorable (RL=0.0001-0.01) and chemisorption (E=20.41±0.12kJmol-1) nature of the adsorption process. The sorption capacity of PTS was found to be 45.25±0.69mgg-1. The FT-IR spectroscopy study showed the involvement of nitrogen and sulphur of thiosemicarbazone moiety of PTS for the uptake of Pb(II) ions by five membered chelate formation.
5
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The Potential of Selected Agricultural Wastes Fibers as Acoustic Absorber and Thermal Insulator Based on their Surface Morphology via Scanning Electron Microscopy

72%
Mercado R. D. T., Ureta R. M., Templo R. J. D.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2018
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vol. 20
129-147
EN
Natural fibrous materials have been studied to address noise and high heat indices, but many of the existing studies about natural fibers do not sufficiently support their claims of better acoustical and heat insulating materials. Thus, this study investigated the surface morphology of easily available agricultural materials such as coconut husks, banana pseudostem and sugarcane husk for their potential as sound absorbers and thermal insulators. Fiber pads from the materials were constructed and analyzed for noise reduction coefficients, thermal insulating performance, water absorbing capacity and flame tolerance - using the methods specified in the American Society for Testing Materials. Herein, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied for analytical imaging of the agricultural materials. Noise reduction coefficients (0.80 dB and 0.92 dB), (0.75d B and 0.78 dB) and (0.50 dB and 0.35 dB) each at 800 Hz and 440 Hz, and heat reductions of 2.56 °C, 1.71 °C, and 1.24 °C were obtained from coconut husk, sugarcane husk and banana pseudostem, respectively. The coconut husk also gave the highest water absorbing capacity and high flame tolerance of 56%, compared to that of sugarcane husk (49%) and banana pseudostem (32.67%). The morphology of the coconut husk, after SEM application revealed more diverse microporous cells with varying shapes and sizes compared to that of sugarcane husk and banana pseudostem. Thus, results indicate that porosity affects the noise and heat reduction indices of the fibers. The more porous the material is, the better its potential as sound absorber and thermal insulator.
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