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Development and plasticity of the retina in the opossum Monodelphis domestica

100%
Djavadian R., Bisti S., Maccarone R., Bartkowska K., Turlejski K.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2006
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vol. 66
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issue 3
178-188
EN
We investigated the rate of cell proliferation and death in the retina of the Monodelphis opossum during its postnatal development and the influence of early monocular enucleation on these processes. Our results show that in the opossum, as in other marsupials, the peak of the retinal cells divisions occurs postnatally and that generation of retinal cells continues till the time of eye opening (P34), except of the marginal rim, where it continued till P60. Ganglion and amacrine cells are generated between postnatal days (P) P4 and P9, while bipolar cells and photoreceptors are generated simultaneously between P14 and P25. The peak of ganglion cell death as detected by the TUNEL method occurs around P14?19 in the center of retina. The second peak of apoptosis appears in the inner nuclear layer (INL) at P19?25. Gliogenesis takes place between P25 and P34. We also found that monocular enucleation performed during the early period of retinal development (P0?P7) did not influence proliferation, developmental apoptosis or other developmental processes in the retina of the remaining eye.
2

Embryonic fissure and photoreceptor differentiation in the eye of adult Garra rufa Heckel 1843 (Cyprinidae, Teleostei)

100%
Al-Adhami M. A., Qar J., Al K. M.
Folia Biologica
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2001
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vol. 49
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issue 3-4
183-190
EN
The retina of the adult teleost Garra rufa retains a curved, open embryonic fissure indicating an asymmetrical postembryonic retinal growth. Undifferentiated, oval photoreceptors are observed on both sides of the middle of the fissure with their larger diameter running parallel to the fissure to which they may attach by desmosomes. They detach from the fissure, rotate to become perpendicular to it and begin an active process of differentiation as they slide along the temporal side of the outer half of the fissure. This process is divided into stages for simplicity. The photoreceptors develop stumpy inner segments extending into a ventricular space that appears between the retinal pigment epithelium and the photoreceptors. Calycal processes arise from the inner segments and the distal centriole of each photoreceptor forms a connecting cilium. The proximal centriole is retained for some time after the outer segment develops. The formation of rod spherules and cone pedicles takes place almost concomitantly with the outer segments. Double cones appear first as single cones before pairing. One or more of the principal cone mitochondria accumulate electron-dense material and merge to form the ellipsosome. The retinal pigment epithelium undergoes a parallel differentiation. The developmental events described in the present work conform those recorded in embryonic teleostean retinas.
3

Retinal calcium-binding proteins. Their function and pathology

88%
Witkowska D., Gorczyca W.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
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1997
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vol. 51
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issue 1
1-22
EN
Calcium is involved in most cellular processes through calcium-binding proteins, belonging to the EF-hand superfamily. Recently new members of this family were found in the retina of vertebrates. Functions of these proteins and their relations to some neurological diseases are reviewed. Other EF-hand proteins found in the retina are also described.
4
Content available remote

Melatonin as a chemical indicator of environmental light-dark cycle

75%
Zawilska J. B.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1996
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vol. 56
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issue 3
757-767
EN
Melatonin is an evolutionary highly conserved molecule that plays an important role in conveying the clock and calender information to all living organisms, including man.Melatonin is synthesized in the rhythmic fashion, primarily by the pineal gland, and to a lesser degree, by extrapineal tissues - namely the retina, the Harderian gland, and the gastrointestinal tract.The rhythm of the hormone production, with maximal levels occuring at night in darkness, is generated by an endogenous circadian clock(s) and is synchronized with the photoperiodic environment to which animals are exposed.This brief outline surveys data on the regulation of rhythmic melatonin biosynthesis by a circadian pacemaker and light.Additionally, possible applications of this chronobiotic compound in agriculture and in medicine in the treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders are discussed.
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