The present paper is a concise summary of contemporary knowledge of lipoprotein(a). Increased lipoprotein(a) concentration is an independent risk factor for atherogenesis. The treatment of choice of increased lipoprotein(a) concentration is causal - for example treatment of the nephrotic syndrome or renal transplantation. If this is not amenable, careful monitoring and elimination of additional risk factors of atherogenesis are mandatory.
Peptides from endothelin family (ET-1, ET-2, ET-3), synthetized by the endothelian cells, are now known to exers diversae biological effects on wide variety of cell types and tissues mainly through two subtypes of receptors (A- and B-type ET receptors). Tissue distribution and mechanism of action of ET peptides and their receptors are reviewed.The biological role of ET peptides and receptors in health as well as in renal diseases is discussed.
The arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, fluid overload, electrolytic disorders, the presence of arteriovenous fistula and secundary hyperparathyroidism are the most essential causative factors in cardiac pathology of uremic patients. Apart from that, hemodialysis itself is not an indifferent factor. The cardiac consequences consist in prevalence of hypertrophy or dilatation of the heart including valvular annuli or sheer myocardial calcifications and even the aquired heart diseases. Their coexistence with ischaemic heart disease, systolic and especially diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle may jeopardise life.
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