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1

Xenia effect on seed and embryo size in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

100%
Pahlavani M. H., Abolhasani K.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2006
|
vol. 47
|
issue 4
331-335
EN
The term xenia was coined to describe the effect of foreign pollen on the development and characters of the seed. To study its importance and consequences for various seed traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), the effect of pollen genotype on seed and embryo weight was studied with seeds from 15 F1 hybrids. Cross-fertilization changed seed weight by up to 7.0% in relation to self-fertilization. Xenia effect significantly increased embryo weight of cross-fertilized seeds, by up to 14.4% in comparison to self-fertilized seeds. Seeds of some crosses had a lower hull content than corresponding selfed seeds. On average, the xenia effect was greater for embryo weight than for seed weight. However, in some crosses there was no difference between cross- and self-fertilized seeds for seed weight, embryo weight, moisture content and hull content. Positive xenia effects for seed weight and embryo weight may help us to establish uniform stands of vigorous hybrid seedlings, especially under unfavourable conditions. Also, larger seed and embryo weight, along with lower hull content, could result in higher oil yield. Therefore, careful choosing of genotypes as parents and of cross direction in the production of hybrid seed is very important in cotton.
2

Intra- and interspecific pollination between Lupinus albus L., Lupinus mutabilis Sweet. and Lupinus angustifolius L.

86%
Przyborowski J. A., Samborska-Ciania A., Wiwart M.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
1996
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vol. 37
|
issue 3
261-275
EN
The pollen grain germination and the growth of pollen tubes after intra and interspecific reciprocal polination of Lupinus albus L., Lupinus mutabilis Sweet. and Lupinus angustifolius L. were examined.Results of microscopic observations of pollen grain germination and pollen tube growth enable to deny the existence of certain barriers that prevent fertilization after pollination of L.albus flowers with pollen of L.angustifolius and vice versa, as well as after pollination of L.mutabilis flowers with pollen of L.angustifolius and vice versa.Some delay in pollen grain germination and a slower growth of pollen tubes were observed in all combinations, as related to intraspecific ones, though in case of each intrspecific combination pollen tubes reached the ovary.Moreover, a different level of pollination grain germination and pollen tube growth, depending on the direction of pollination, were found.The noted pollination efficiency may generally considered to be low.
3

Methods to predict transgressive segregation in barley and other self-pollinated crops

86%
Kuczynska A., Surma M., Adamski T.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2007
|
vol. 48
|
issue 4
321-328
EN
Most of agronomically important characters are biometric traits. An improvement of these traits in cultivated plants by deriving segregants superior to parents, which could be developed as cultivars, is a main goal in breeding of self-pollinated crops. Two problems need to be solved: when will the progeny be better than its parents and how can a genetic potential of a given pair of parental genotypes be predicted? In this paper, transgressive segregation in homozygous barley populations is shortly reviewed. Various approaches to choosing parental forms are shown, and a theoretical method for predicting the frequency of transgressive segregants in a homozygous population is presented. Additionally, relationships between parental diversity estimated with molecular markers and the progeny performance are discussed. Although the prediction of transgressive segregation is still a problem, it seems promising to apply an approach measuring the performance of the parental genotypes and estimating their genetic distance by molecular markers.
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