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Oxidative stress and volatile organic compounds: interplay in pulmonary, cardio-vascular, digestive tract systems and cancer

100%
Calenic B., Miricescu D., Greabu M., Kuznetsov A. V., Troppmair J., Ruzsanyi V., Amann A.
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issue 1
EN
Oxidative stress (OS) can be defined as an imbalance between antioxidant systems and various pro-oxidants. This loss of balance is closely associated with initiation and development of a wide range of systemic or organ specific diseases. Exhaled breath of healthy humans contains a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from cellular metabolism, released by microorganisms or taken up from the environment. Qualitative or quantitative changes in their composition are associated with diseases and various pathological conditions, also characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl anion, peroxinitrite, etc. Several volatile organic compounds such as ethane and pentane are direct end-products of the reaction of ROS with various biological compounds (e.g., lipid peroxidation, DNA or protein damage). Being able to accurately identify ROS-generated VOCs could be of particular importance in devising sensitive tests that can diagnose and follow-up oxidative stress-related diseases. This review describes current knowledge on the associations between oxidative stress and free radicals and the release of several marker volatile organic compounds in a number of diseases. A special focus will be placed on such VOCs in the cardiovascular pathologies, pulmonary diseases and gastro-intestinal tract affections.
2
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Effect of selenium in organic and inorganic form on liver, kidney, brain and muscle of Wistar rats

88%
Sochor J., Pohanka M., Ruttkay-Nedecky B., Zitka O., Hynek D., Mares P., Zeman L., Adam V., Kizek R.
Open Chemistry
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2012
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vol. 10
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issue 5
1442-1451
EN
Selenium is a micronutrient, localized in the active sites of enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, and participating together with these enzymes in an antioxidant defence system of organisms against free radicals. Administration of selenium is necessary for maintaining oxidative homeostasis. The present experiment is aimed at investigation of selenium impact on basal metabolic processes and selected antioxidants in a Wistar rat model, fed selenium in organic and inorganic forms. Liver, kidney, brain and muscle were sampled during a month-long feeding with four different doses of selenium (0.075 mg or 1.5 mg of inorganic and/or organic selenium per kg of feed). We found a significant reduction in glutathione level in liver tissue regardless of the form of the administered selenium. On the other hand, selenium caused a decreased glutathione reductase level in the liver and metallothionein level in the liver, kidney and muscle. [...]
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Ameliorative Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Laportea aestuans (L.) Chew on Gastric Oxidative Damage in Aspirin - Induced Gastric Ulcer in Male Rats

75%
Onadeko A., Akinola O.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2021
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vol. 39
86-94
EN
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are connected with the generation of free radicals and one of its adverse effects is gastric ulceration. Ulceration was induced orally using aspirin. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were used for this study (120-150g). Rats were divided into 6 groups with each group containing 4 rats. Rats were pre-treated orally with cimetidine, a reference drug. Group 1 rats orally received 1% gum acacia solution as the control group, Group 2 rats orally administered 25 mg/kg aspirin and served as the ulcerated, untreated group, rats in groups 3 and 4 were pre-treated orally with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively for 3 days while rats in groups 5 and 6 were pre-treated orally with 50 mg/kg cimetidine and 50 mg/kg catechin respectively for 3 days. The result of this study shows that the ulcerated, untreated rats showed increased concentrations of gastric volume with a concomitant decrease in protein concentration compared to the control group, cimetidine and catechin reversed these observations. Activities of glutathione, catalase were decreased in the ulcerated, untreated group but pre-treatment with different doses, cimetidine and catechin reversed these observations. In conclusion, the ethanoic extract of L. aestuans can be said to be used as an anti-ulcerogenic agent against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer which is due to the presence of phytochemicals in the plant.
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