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1

Lactic acid bacteria cellular responses for enviromental stress

100%
Sadowska J., Grajek W.
Biotechnologia
|
2009
|
issue 4
115-132
EN
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) constitute a heterogeneous group of bacteria that are traditionally used to produce fermented foods. The industrialization of food biotransformations increased the economical importance of LAB. The development of new applications such probiotic foods reinforces the need for robust LAB. They have to survive in the digestive tract, and express specific functions under conditions that are unfavorable to growth. A better understanding of the mechanisms of stress resistance and LAB cellular responses should allow to prepared these bacteria for industrial processes. Range of examples of diferent enviromental stress, related genes and molecular mechanisms of the stress responses are presented.
2

The influence of environmental stresses on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in ethanol fermentation

86%
Grajek W., Szymanowska D.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 3
46-63
EN
The development of ethanol fermentation process brings numerous environmental stresses influenced by the survival and metabolism of industrial microorganisms. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains have evolved to survive constant fluctuation in their external surroundings by special adaptation systems. These adaptation mechanisms involve reorganization of genomic expression by activation of transcriptional factors under stress conditions and production of suitable metabolites increased by cell survival. This review is focused on the metabolism and genetic response of cells to diverse environmental changes, especially to heat, osmotic, ethanol, oxidative, toxic and other physic-chemical stresses.
3

Motile activities of Dictyostelium discoideum differ from those in Protista or vertebrate animal cells

86%
Waligorska A., Wianecka-Skoczen M., Korohoda W.
|
2007
|
vol. 55
|
issue 3-4
87-93
EN
Cell movement in the amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum has been examined in media differing in monovalent cation concentration (i.e. Na+ and K+). Under isotonic or even slightly hypertonic conditions, the cells move equally well in solutions in which either potassium or sodium ions dominate. However, in strongly hypertonic solutions the amoebae showed motility in a 2% potassium chloride solution, but remained motionless in a hypertonic 2% sodium chloride solution. This inhibition of D. discoideum amoebae movement in a hypertonic sodium chloride solution was fully reversible. Such behaviour corresponds to that of plant, fungi, and some invertebrate animal cells rather than protozoan or vertebrate cells. These observations suggest that studies using D. discoideum as a model for cell motility in vertebrate animal tissue cells should be considered with caution, and would seem to confirm the classification of cellular slime moulds as related rather to Fungi than to Protista. This also shows that the cell membrane models should consider the asymmetry in sodium /potassium ion concentrations found in vertebrate animal cells as one of various possibilities.
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