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Extracellular ATP as a neurotransmitter: its role in synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus

100%
Wieraszko A.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1996
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vol. 56
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issue 2
637-648
EN
Growing evidence indices that ATP may play a very important role in Long-Term Potentiation (LTP), a neurophysiological process that has been implicated in memory formation.LTP is an enhancement of synaptic strength induced by a specific pattern of high frequency stimulation, or by application of exogenous ATP.In the hippocampus LTP-inducing stimulation is accompanied by a massive Ca2+ -dependent release of ATP from presympatic terminals.Released extracellular ATP may either intract with numerous types of ATP receptors present on the neuronal surface, or serve as a substrate for ecto-protein phosphorylation.The results of combined electrophysiological and biochemical experiments indicate that participation of extracellular ATP in the ecto-protein phosphorylation process is most likely involved in the permanent amplification of the synaptic response in the hippocampus.
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Alpha-Synuclein is localized in a subpopulation of rat brain synaptic vesicles

100%
Lee S.-J., Jeon H., Kandror K. V.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2008
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vol. 68
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issue 4
509-515
EN
Alpha-Synuclein is a neuronal protein implicated both in synaptic transmission and in neurodegenerative diseases. Although it is evident that this protein is enriched in the presynaptic terminals of neurons, localization in synaptic vesicles has not been conclusively determined. Here, we show that alpha-synuclein is present, but not enriched, in synaptic vesicles using highly purified synaptic vesicle preparations from rat brain homogenate. Immunoisolation of vesicles using antibodies against synaptophysin or synaptobrevin confirmed the presence of alpha-synuclein in synaptic vesicles. Additional separation of synaptic vesicles by sucrose velocity centrifugation showed that there are different subpopulations of synaptic vesicles and that alpha-synuclein is present only in a specific subpopulation, whereas synaptophysin and synaptobrevin were found in all the synaptic vesicles. Presence of alpha-synuclein only in a subset of synaptic vesicles suggests that this protein may have a specific function in synaptic vesicle cycling, hence in synaptic transmission.
3

The role of nitric oxide in the physiological and pathological functions of the central nervous system

88%
Tutka P., Kleinrok Z.
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vol. 49
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issue 2
189-199
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