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1

The murine Ly49 family: form and function

100%
Makrigiannis A. P., Anderson S. K.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2001
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vol. 49
|
issue 1
47-50
EN
The activity of natural killer (NK) cells is regulated by surface receptors that recognize class I MHC. Murine NK cells express a large family of lectin-related receptors (Ly49s) to perform this function, while human NK cells utilize a separate group of proteins containing Ig-related domains (KIRs). Although these receptor families not structurally related, the Ly49 family appears to be the functional equivalent of human KIRs, since it uses similar signal transduction pathways for either activation or inhibition of NK cell function. Therefore, lessons learned from the study of the murine MHC class I receptor system may be relevant to human NK function. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the Ly49 family.
2

The social life of NK cells

100%
Martin-Fontecha A., Carbone E.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2001
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vol. 49
|
issue 1 suppl.
33-40
EN
Natural killer (NK) cells represent a distinct population of lymphocytes that was originally identified by its ability to kill transformed cell lines in vitro. It is now clear that these cells also play an important role in the innate immune response against a variety of pathogens, such as virus, bacteria and parasites. In the past few years, different protocols have been developed to activate NK cells ex vivo, allowing a detailed molecular analysis of the interaction of these cells with their cellular targets. NK activity is regulated by signals generated by both inhibitory and stimulatory receptors expressed by target cells. Indeed, recent results indicate that, while major histocompatibility complex class I molecules (MHC-I) expressed on target cells inhibit NK lytic activity by engaging surface inhibitory receptors, costimulatory molecules such as B7-1, B7-2 and CD40, are able to actively trigger NK activity. This review discusses the most recent findings on the role of costimulation on NK activation and forsees the possible consequences of the interaction between NK cells and dendritic cells (DC) on the development of an adaptive immune response.
3

Interleukin 15: Its role in inflammation and immunity

100%
Perera L. P.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2000
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vol. 48
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issue 5
457-464
EN
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a 14-15 kDa polypeptide that belongs to the four alpha-helix bundle family of cytokines and was originally discovered due to its T cell proliferative activity. It utilizes the signal transducing b/g polypeptides of the IL-2 receptor complex thus sharing many biological activities with IL-2, in addition to its high affinity private receptor subunit IL-15Ra. Accumulating evidence indicates that the biological relevance of IL-15 may not solely be confined to T lymphocytes, but to a variety of cell populations within the immune system as well as outside the immune system of the host. The expression of both IL-15 and its high affinity receptor component, IL-15Ra are readily demonstrable in a wide variety of tissues and appear to be augmented in response to environmental/stress stimuli and infectious agents. There is increasing evidence to suggest that IL-15 may play an important role in protective immune responses, allograft rejection and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases where mononuclear cell infiltration is a hallmark feature. Herein, the effects of IL-15 on cells associated with host defense, immunity and inflammation are reviewed and support a central role for this cytokine in orchestrating multiple aspects of effector functions in immunity and inflammation.
4

Mechanisms of cellular cytotoxicity. I. The stages of

88%
Janiak M., Budzynski W.
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vol. 47
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issue 3
169-182
EN
This review describes the stages of mediated by , cytotoxic , natural killer cells and .
5

Chemokines, G proteins and natural killer cells

88%
Maghazachi A. A.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2000
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vol. 48
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issue 2
65-72
EN
Natural killer (NK) cells are anti-tumor and anti-viral effector cells. Members of C, CC, CXC and CX3C chemokines induce the chemotaxis and enhance the cytotoxicity of NK cells, suggesting that these cells express receptors for chemokines. The ability of members of chemokines to inhibit the replication of HIV-1 strains, combined with the ability of the same chemokines to activate the anti-viral NK cells, provide compelling evidence for the role of NK cells in eradicating HIV-1 infection. In addition, chemokines induce various intracellular signaling pathways in NK cells, which include activation of the heterotrimeric, and perhaps the small guanine nucleotide binding (G) proteins, as well as the mobilization of intracellular calcium, among other activities. Further, chemokines induce the phosphorylation of chemokine receptors through the recruitment of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) resulting in the desensitization and turning off the signals. In this review, I will update the knowledge of the effect of chemokines on NK cell motility and the signal transduction pathways induced by chemokines in these cells.
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