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Determination of mycotoxin producing moulds using culture and non-culture characterization and proximate composition of stored grains and legumes in Imo State, Nigeria

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Ohabughiro N. B.

World News of Natural Sciences

2024

vol. 54

70-82

Cereals and legumes are the major food sources for people in a developing country. Four grains and legumes (rice, maize wheat and groundnut) stored for 2 - 4 months in different packaging materials. These samples were randomly selected from three different markets. They were assessed for the presence of mycotoxin producing moulds and for the production of mycotoxins. Standard microbiological and molecular methods were used in the isolation and identification of moulds. A multimycotoxin method based on Liquid Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze both the qualitative and quantitative occurrence of mycotoxin fungal metabolites. Proximate composition was determined using the method of Association of official Analytical chemist. The moulds isolated and identified culturally were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus spp., Aspergillus tamarii Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium spp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Rhizopus nigricans and Mucor spp. The percentage occurrence of non-culturally 18S rRNA gene sequence dominant mould species identified were Aspergillus flavus (46%) followed by Aspergillus tamarii (23%), Aspergillus niger (18%), and Penicillium chrysogenum (9%) while the least was (4%) Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus. The Phylogenic tree was constructed by using the geneious software version 4.0. Aflatoxin, ochratoxins, fumonisin, deoxynevalenol and zearalenone were the different mycotoxins detected in stored grains and legumes. Ochratoxin A had the highest concentration of 371.8 ± 7.878 while Deoxynevalenol had the least concentration of 320 ± 4.617. Different values for Moisture Content, Crude Protein, Crude Fibre, Ash, Carbohydrate and Energy Value were determined. Groundnut 558.74 ± 279.37 had the highest energy value while Wheat 315.08 ± 157.54 had the least energy value. Grains and Legumes are essential for good health. There is a strong need to devise good storage condition for stored grains and legumes to avoid mycotoxigenic moulds contamination.

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1 World News of Natural Sciences

1 2024

1 Ohabughiro N. B.

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Determination of mycotoxin producing moulds using culture and non-culture characterization and proximate composition of stored grains and legumes in Imo State, Nigeria