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Core stability of male and female football players

100%
Nikolaidis P.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2010
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vol. 2
30-33
EN
Study aim: To investigate into core stability measures and to establish the preliminary normal data.Material and methods: Three groups of football players were studied: male players, members of an amateur club (Division IV; n = 20), female players, members of a Division I club (n = 28) and male adolescent club players (n = 17). They were subjected to 4 tests of core stability (muscular endurance of trunk flexors and extensors, and of left and right lateral bridge) at the beginning of the 2009/2010 season.Results: No significant between-group differences were found for trunk flexors endurance. Female players were significantly (p<0.01) superior to both male groups with respect to trunk extensors endurance and inferior with respect to flexors-to-extensors ratio.Conclusions: The results may have practical implications for football training and injury prevention.
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Acute effects of static stretching on muscle strength

100%
Torres J., Conceição M., de Oliveira Sampaio A., Dantas E.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2009
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vol. 1
52-55
EN
Study aim: To assess the effects of static passive maximal stretching on muscle performance in order to clarify the existing controversies.Material and methods: Two randomly selected groups of the Brazilian Air Force personnel were studied: experimental (n = 15), subjected to 3 bouts of static passive stretching exercises of wrist flexors and extensors (beyond a mild discomfort). Every bout lasted 10 s and was followed by a 30-s rest. The control group (n = 15) performed no exercises. Muscle strength was measured with a handgrip dynamometer before and 20 min after the test.Results: Subjects from the experimental group had the pre-exercise handgrip strength significantly higher than postexercise (by about 7%; p<0.01). No significant decrease was noted in the control group.Conclusions: Static passive stretching induces decreases in muscle strength.
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Effects of non-linear periodisation training on the explosive force and plasma testosterone

100%
Souza S., Vale R., Kauffmann A., Pacobahyba N., Miranda H., Lima R., Dantas E.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2010
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vol. 2
97-101
EN
Study aim: To evaluate the effects of two strength training programmes on the explosive force of lower extremities and total testosterone levels in plasma of Brazilian football players.Material and methods: A group of 24 male football players aged 16 - 19 years participated in a 12-week training: non-linear periodised (NLP) or non-periodised (NP), 12 subjects each. Before and after training period, all subjects performed countermovement vertical jump (CMJ), horizontal jump and Flegner's power test, and total testosterone concentrations were determined in plasma.Results: Significant, training-induced changes in CMJ were found in both groups; by 7.4% (p<0.05) in the NLP group and by 8% (p<0.001) in NP group. Also in the long jump (SBJ) significant (p<0.05) changes were noted in both groups, by 0.9 and 4.4%, respectively. Serum testosterone concentrations significantly (p<0.05 - 0.01) increased post-training in both groups and the increase was significantly (p<0.01) greater in the NLP than in NP group.Conclusion: A larger number of athletes in future studies, as well as other sport categories and levels and a longer training period would be advisable in order to strengthen the causal inferences between the variables studied.
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Asymmetry of muscle strength in elite athletes

88%
Drid P., Drapsin M., Trivic T., Lukač D., Obadov S., Milosevic Z.
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EN
Study aim: To determine muscle strength variables in elite judoists and wrestlers since thigh muscle strength and bilaterally balanced flexor-to-extensor ratio minimise injury risk and are desirable for achieving sport successes.Material and methods: Judoists, wrestlers and untrained subjects, 10 each, were subjected to isokinetic strength measurements of relative peak torques of knee flexor and extensor muscles on "Easy-Tech" dynamometer in concentric-concentric mode.Results: Mean relative peak muscle torques for knee flexors ranged from 1.14 ±0.27 (untrained) to 1.57 ±0.40 (judoists) N·m/kg and for knee extensors from 2.77 ± 0.34 (untrained) to 3.60 ± 0.64 (wrestlers) N·m/kg. The flexor-to-extensor ratios ranged from 39.3 ± 6.0 to 47.8 ± 10.8% and did not differ significantly between groups. Absolute right/left asymmetry for knee flexors ranged from 14.6 ± 10.4 to 17.4 ± 11.8% and was significantly (p<0.01) higher than for knee extensors (7.2 ± 6.8 to 8.6 ± 7.7%). All asymmetry indices were significant (p<0.01), no significant between group differences being detected.Conclusions: Implementing new training elements and modalities may improve the performance and prevent lateral asymmetry thus decreasing the risk of injuries.
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