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Immunometabolic role of leptin and adiponectin in atherosclerosis: relationships with cardiovascular complications in rheumatic diseases

100%
Feijóo-Bandín S., Rodríguez-Penas D., García-Rúa V., Mosquera-Leal A., Roselló-Lletí E., Portolés M., Rivera M., González-Juanatey J. R., Lago F.
Immunometabolism
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2013
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vol. 1
18-27
EN
Patients with rheumatic diseases have an increased risk of mortality by cardiovascular events. In fact, several rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and ankylosing spondylitis are associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although, traditional cardiovascular risk factors have been involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in rheumatic patients, these alterations do not explain completely the enhanced cardiovascular risk in this population. Obesity and its pathologic alteration of fat mass and dysfunction, due to an altered pattern of secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines, could be one of the links between cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases. Indeed, the incidence of CVDs is augmented in obese individuals with rheumatic disorders. Thus, in this review we explore in detail the relationships among leptin and adiponectin with rheumatic diseases and cardiovascular complications by giving to the reader a holistic vision and several suggestions for future perspectives and potential clinical implications.
2
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Changes in the metabolism of freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata, due to aqueous extract of stem bark of molluscicidal plant Euphorbia tirucalli

100%
Khan R. F., Yadav R. P.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2024
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vol. 56
25-35
EN
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potent molluscicidal activity of aqueous stem bark extracts of plant Euphorbia tirucalli (Family: Euphorbiaceae). Lymnaea acuminata were exposed for 24 hours to sublethal doses of crude aqueous stem bark extracts of Euphorbia tirucalli, i.e. 95.67 μM and 191.35 μM (40% and 80% of 24h LC50 of L. acuminata) respectively, and then were switched to extract-free water to determine the effects of withdrawal from treatment. For the following seven days, this water was replaced every 24 hours. Following that, biochemical parameters were assessed in various snail tissues which showed significant (P < 0.05) alteration in the carbohydrates and nitrogenous metabolisms in time and dose dependent manner. The snail tissues recovered in part after 7days completely after withdrawl of toxic aqueous extracts. The aqueous extracts of stem bark of Euphorbia tirucalli may be used as a potent source of molluscicides; being less expensive, easily available, easily soluble in water.
3
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Myocardial remodeling in rats with metabolic syndrome: role of Rho-kinase mediated insulin resistance

88%
Li C.-B., Li X.-X., Chen Y.-G., Gao H.-Q., Bao C.-M., Liu X.-Q., Bu P.-L., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Ji X.-P.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
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2012
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vol. 59
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issue 2
249-254
EN
Insulin resistance (IR) plays a critical role in metabolic syndrome (MS). Previous studies have demonstrated that activated ROCK is increased in MS patients. However, the effect of Rho-kinase (ROCK) on IR has not been definitely determined. Thus, the aims of the present study were to determine whether ROCK activation induces IR or affects myocardial structure and function, as well as the possible mechanisms underlying this process. Wistar rats fed high fat, high glucose and high salt diet sewed as model of MS and we used transmission electron microscopy, echocardiogram technology, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated DNA nick-end labeling staining to identify any myocardial damage. The protein levels of MYPT-1 (characteristic of ROCK activation), IRS-1 and AKT were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. In hearts from MS rats, we found increased protein levels of phospho-MYPT-1 and phospho-IRS-1 (Ser307) and decreased phospho-AKT compared to levels in normal rats. In conclusion, the results suggest that ROCK-mediated IR is involved in the development of myocardial impairments in MS rats and that this effect is mediated probably via the IRS-1/PI3-kinase/AKT pathway.
4
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Invertebrate systems for hypothesis-driven microbiome research

63%
Newton I. L. G., Sheehan K. B., Lee F. J., Horton M. A., Hicks R. D.
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2013
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vol. 1
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issue 1
EN
A number of novel, invertebrate systems have emerged as excellent models for the study of microbiomes. Due to their small size, evolutionary diversity, ease of culture, and – in many cases – relatively simple gut communities, invertebrates of many different orders can be tools to drive hypothesis-driven microbiome research. In this review we highlight several host systems amenable to microbiota analyses and specific questions that can be easily addressed in those systems. These questions address functional equivalence across similar habitats, host-specificity and coevolution of host-microbe interactions, and acquisition and transmission dynamics of host-associated communities. We propose that host systems be chosen based on the question of interest, and that insect systems are excellent tools for the vast behavioral, ecological, and genetic diversity that allows them to address a variety of these questions.
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