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1

Mycobacterium-specific human CD8 T cell responses

100%
Klein M. R., Fox A.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
vol. 49
|
issue 5
379-390
EN
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem. There is an intense effort to identify correlates of protective immunity and to design new TB vaccines. CD8 T cells are thought to play a significant role in controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Relatively little has been published about the antigens and epitopes targeted by mycobacteria-specific CD8 T cells. Here we present an update of our 1999 overview of human CD8 T cell epitopes in mycobacterial antigens and discuss related issues relevant to TB diagnosis and vaccine development.
2

Molecular diagnostics in microbiology

100%
ZakrzewskaCzerwinska J.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 4
79-89
EN
Molecular identification of microorganisms has improved enormously during the last decade. Especially, short signature sequences complementary to 16S and 23S rRNAs have been found to be useful for the identification of groups of bacteria or even single species. Recent data have demonstrated that DNA microarray-based assays allow the simultaneous identification of pathogens from clinical materials and the prediction of their antimicrobial resistance profile.
3

Revisiting the natural history of tuberculosis, the inclusion of constant reinfection, host tolerance, and damage-response frameworks leads to a better understanding of latent infection and its evolution towards active disease

100%
Cardona J.-P.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2010
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vol. 58
|
issue 1
7-14
EN
Once Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects a person it can persist for a long time in a process called latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). LTBI has traditionally been considered to involve the bacilli remaining in a non-replicating state (dormant) in old lesions but still retaining their ability to induce reactivation and cause active tuberculosis (TB) once a disruption of the immune response takes place. The present review aims to challenge these concepts by including recent experimental data supporting LTBI as a constant endogenous reinfection process as well as the recently introduced concepts of damage-response and tolerance frameworks to explain TB induction. These frameworks highlight the key role of an exaggerated and intolerant host response against M. tuberculosis bacilli which induces the classical TB cavity in immunocompetent adults once the constant endogenous reinfection process has resulted in the presence of bacilli in the upper lobes, where they can grow faster and the immune response is delayed. This essay intends to provide new clues to understanding the induction of TB in non-immunosuppressed patients.
4

Prospects for development of new antimycobacterial drugs, with special reference to a new benzoxazinorifamycin, KRM-1648

88%
Tomioka H.
|
EN
In this article, I have thoroughly reviewed the status of development of new antimycobacterial drugs, in particular, rifamycin derivatives (rifabutin, rifapentine, and a new benzoxazinorifamycin, KRM-1648), fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, sitafloxacin, moxifloxacin, and others), new macrolides (clarithromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin), and others. In this review, I have mainly described the in vitro and in vivo activities of these drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria, especially Mycobacterium avium complex. In addition, therapeutic efficacy of these drugs in cases of clinical treatment of mycobacterial infections have also been briefly mentioned.
5

The inflammatory response in M. tuberculosis infection

75%
Toossi Z.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2000
|
vol. 48
|
issue 5
513-520
EN
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is accompanied by an intense local inflammatory response which may be critical to the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Activation of components of the innate immune response, such as recruitment of polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear phagocytes and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), by MTB occurs early after MTB infection, however, may persist as the organism establishes itself within granulomas. MTB and its protein and non-protein components are potent in induction of cytokines and chemokines from PMN and monocytes. This review focuses on the interaction of MTB and the host with regard to activation of the innate immune response. It also attempts to identify the potential impact of this early response on the subsequent pathogenesis of MTB, and its role in development and extent of tuberculosis. Insights into the initiation and persistent of the inflammatory response may allow the application of anti-inflammatory agents as adjuncts in the treatment of tuberculosis.
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