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EN
This paper is focused on actual and potential applications of mutanases as enzymatic dental plaque control agents in vitro and in vivo. All studies reported so far have demonstrated that mutanase was effective in preventing dental caries, suppressing the glucan-dependent adherence and the accumulation of microorganisms in dental plaque, and removing biofilms from dentures. In addition to their potential usefulness in dentistry as oral therapeutic agents, alpha-(13)-glucanases might be applicable to investigations of alpha-(13)-glucosidic linkages occurring in microbial cell-wall structures and glucans of certain higher plants. alpha-(13)-Glucanases obtained in a pure form are invaluable tools for studying the chemical structures of carbohydrates. Most promising prospects for the practical applications of alpha-(13)-glucanases in biocontrol of phytopatogenic fungi, as well as in efficient production of fungal protoplasts, are also discussed.
EN
Five different methods described in the literature were used for the isolation of alpha-(1->3)-glucans from the cell wall of fruiting bodies of Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.:Fr.) Murrill, and their comparative analysis was performed. The separated fungal biopolymers were well-characterized in respect of their structure and some physicochemical properties. Structural analyses, i.e., Fourier-transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and specific rotation, revealed that the alkali-soluble wall fraction from this basidiomycetous fungus contained about 56% of (1->3)-linked alpha-glucans. Four out of five alpha-(1->3)-glucans isolated by different methods from the mycelium of the polypore fungus L. sulphureus induced higher activity of fungal and bacterial mutanase than those obtained on mutan. Therefore, the alpha-(1->3)-glucans from fruiting bodies of L. sulphureus can be used as a new alternative to streptococcal mutan, which so far has been known as the best inducer of mutanase production
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