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1

Molecular markers of ovarian carcinoma

100%
Dobryszycka W.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2000
|
vol. 54
|
issue 4
495-518
EN
Definition of a tumor marker and significance of proper choice of ovarian marker in diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring effects of chemotherapy, are pointed out. Markers of malignant ovarian tumors were classified into oncogenes and oncoproteins, antigens, hormones, enzymes and their inhibitors, acute phase proteins (cytokines, growth factors, haptoglobin), hemostasis and some others. Methods of quantitative determinations of cancer markers are presented.
2

Mapping QTLs for root morphological traits in Brassica rapa L. based on AFLP and RAPD markers

80%
Lu G., Cao J., Yu X., Xiang X., Chen H.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2008
|
vol. 49
|
issue 1
23-31
EN
Root growth and thickening plays a key role in the final productivity and even the quality of storage roots in root crops. This study was conducted to identify and map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting root morphological traits in Brassica rapa by using molecular markers. An F2 population was developed from a cross between Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) and turnip (B. rapa ssp. rapifera), which differed greatly in root characters. A genetic map covering 1837.1 cM, with 192 marker loci and 11 linkage groups, was constructed by using this F2 population. The F3 families derived from F2 plants were grown in the field and evaluated for taproot traits (thickness, length, and weight). QTL analysis via simple interval mapping detected 18 QTLs for the 3 root traits, including 7 QTLs for taproot thickness, 5 QTLs for taproot length, and 6 QTLs for taproot weight. Individually, the QTLs accounted for 8.4?27.4% of the phenotypic variation. The 2 major QTLs, qTRT4b for taproot thickness and qTRW4 for taproot weight, explained 27.4% and 24.8% of the total phenotypic variance, respectively. The QTLs for root traits, firstly detected in Brassica crops, may provide a basis for marker-assisted selection to improve productivity in root-crop breeding.
3

Fluorescence-based AFLPs occur as the most suitable marker system for oilseed rape cultivar identification

80%
Sobotka R., Dolanska L., Curn V., Ovesna J.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2004
|
vol. 45
|
issue 2
161-173
EN
Three different types of molecular markers, RAPD, SSR and fluorescence-based AFLP, were evaluated and compared for their ability to identify oilseed rape cultivars. The direct comparison of RAPD, SSR and AFLP approaches in cultivar identification showed that the AFLP methodology detected polymorphisms more efficiently than either RAPD or SSR methods. For the characterisation of six oilseed rape cultivars, 60 RAPD primers were tested and only eight of them (14%) detected sufficient levels of polymorphism. Five microsatellites out of fifteen tested were polymorphic, but in all loci, except one, only two different alleles were detected. This result indicated the limited degree of polymorphism found in Brassica napus. Each of the six tested AFLP combinations detected polymorphisms, the best combination (M-CAA/E-ACT) had 26% polymorphic peaks from a total of 90 peaks and could distinguish the analysed cultivars and 4 out of 5 core lines of cultivars. The results presented show that florescence-based AFLP is, for the purposes of oilseed rape cultivar fingerprinting, a more suitable approach than either RAPD or SSR.
4

PstIAFLP based markers for leaf rust resistance genes in common wheat

80%
Blaszczyk L., Tyrka M., Chelkowski J.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2005
|
vol. 46
|
issue 4
357-364
EN
The aim of the present study was to detect candidate DNA markers for selected leaf rust resistance genes. A total number of 286 loci in the ?Thatcher' near-isogenic lines carrying resistance gene Lr1, Lr9, Lr10, Lr13, Lr19, Lr21, Lr24, Lr26, Lr28, Lr35, and Lr37 were screened for DNA polymorphism by the PstIAFLP method. A survey with 33 selective primers yielded 16 candidate markers. Further validation studies on cultivars characterized for the presence and absence of selected resistance genes confirmed specificity of markers for Lr24, Lr26 and Lr37. The AFLP-based marker P42-530 was successfully converted into an STS marker. The new marker was linked with the Lr37-specific marker (CslVrga13) at the distance of 1.7 cM. The PstIAFLP method was found to be effective in the identification of DNA changes induced in hexaploid wheat by translocations from Agropyron elongatum, Secale cereale and Aegilops ventricosa.
5

New genetic map of rye composed of PCR-based molecular markers and its alignment with the reference map of the DS2 ? RXL10 intercross

80%
Milczarski P., Banek-Tabor A., Lebiecka K., Stojalowski S., Myskow B., Masojc P.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2007
|
vol. 48
|
issue 3
11-24
EN
A new genetic map of rye, developed by using the 541 ? Ot1-3 F2 intercross, consists of 148 marker loci, including 99 RAPDs, 18 SSRs, 14 STSs, 9 SCARs and 7 ISSRs, and spans the distance of 1401.4 cM. To the 7 rye chromosomes, 8 linkage groups were assigned and compared with the reference map of the DS2 ? RXL10 F2 intercross by using 24 common markers. The 2 combined maps contain altogether 611 marker loci (70?109 per chromosome) and constitute a substantial source of information useful for further genomic studies in rye. From 21 to 37 RAPD marker loci are distributed randomly along each chromosome length and their total number for all 7 rye chromosomes is 177. This abundance of RAPD marker loci in the rye genetic map can be exploited for development of SCARs in regions containing important genes or QTL.
6

Identification of molecular markers for selection of supermale (YY) asparagus plants

80%
Gebler P., Wolko L., Knaflewski M.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2007
|
vol. 48
|
issue 2
129-131
EN
The research was aimed to elaborate a method for selection of male plants (XY, YY) and female ones (XX) as well as for identification of supermale genotypes (YY) among male phenotypes. The population obtained by self-pollination of andromonoecious plants was analysed. In order to identify the bands differentiating the male from the female genotypes, Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA) was carried out. Primers identified by BSA analysis were used for RAPD amplification on the template of the male and female individuals. Among the products obtained by the use of primer OPB-20, some bands were linked with sex. A band of about 700 bp was found in all female plants, and in 4 phenotypically male specimens. In the male plants, the band showed a much lower intensity, compared with the female specimens. It seems that this fragment can be linked to the X chromosome in the investigated specimens. In the female specimens with XX karyotype, template duplication occurs and hence the band intensity is twice as high as in the XY karyotype. Three male plants did not include the OPB-20-700 fragment so they could potentially have the supermale (YY) karyotype. If the obtained marker proved its usefulness for identification of supermale plants, it could become a valuable tool facilitating breeding work.
7

Characteristics of SAMPL markers and their utilization in plant genomes researches

80%
Hromada A., Rakoczy-Trojanowska M.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 3
79-87
EN
In the last 20 years, several marker systems based on the microsatellite sequences have been elaborated. One of them is SAMPL (Selective Amplification of Microsatellite Polymorphic Loci), which gives a possibillity to detect genetic polymorphisms resulting not only from mutations in restriction sites, but also from different number of microsatellite motif repeats. That makes it a valuable tool for a genetic diversity studies even among closely related forms. Moreover, thanks to the abillity of simultaneous analysis of many segregating loci in one gel line, SAMPL markers are very useful to construct new and improve density of already existing genetic maps.
8

Molecular markers, their genetic background and some applications in plant genetics

80%
Bednarek P. T., Chwedorzewska K.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 1
9-34
EN
The presented paper gives an insight into the genetic background of molecular diversity at the DNA level. Its potential sources, classified into two main categories depending on whether they lead to DNA sequence alternations (point mutations, insertions, deletions, chromosomal rearrangements, mobile elements etc) or changes in DNA methylation pattern, are discussed in parallel to their ?molecular markers? possible occurrence in the genome. A general overview of the most important sequences responsible for genetic variability (micro-, mini-, midi- and macrosatellites; transposones and retrotransposones) is given. Special attention is paid to different types of molecular marker systems and their most important applications. Molecular techniques are divided into several groups depending on the enzymes they use (endonucleases, T4 DNA ligase, Taq DNA polymerase or their combinations). Finally, investigation carried out with molecular markers in somaclonal embriogenesis is discussed.
9

Genetic differentiation induced by selection in an inbred population of the silkworm Bombyx mori, revealed by RAPDand ISSR marker systems

80%
Pradeep A. R., Chatterjee S. N., Nair C. V.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2005
|
vol. 46
|
issue 3
291-298
EN
Artificial selection has been widely utilized in breeding programmes concerning the commercially important silk-producing insect Bombyx mori. Selection increases the frequency of homozygotes and makes homozygous effects stronger. Molecular variation induced by selection in the inbred population of B. mori strain Nistari, was assessed in terms of genic differentiation by using a polymorphic profile generated by RAPD and ISSR marker systems. Artificial selection for longer larval duration (LLD) for 4 generations resulted in a significant prolongation of larval duration (F = 89.28; P = 5.14?10?7). The lines selected for shorter larval duration (SLD) were not significantly different from the control group. RAPD and ISSR primers generated polymorphic profiles when amplified with genomic DNA of individuals of LLD and SLD lines. Distinct markers specific to LLD individuals were observed from the 3rd generation and indicated selection-induced differentiation of allelic variants for longer larval duration. Both SLD and LLD were characterized by high gene diversity (h 0.197) and total heterozygosity (Ht 0.26), low homogeneity (?2 test, p < 0.005) as well as a large coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst 0.42) but low gene flow (Nm 0.42). Genetic distance was the highest (0.824) between 3rd generations of SLD and LLD. High heterozygosity and prolonged larval duration substituted for shorter larval duration (the traditional trait of fitness) in the Nistari LLD larvae.
10

New genetic map of rye composed of PCR-based molecular markers and its alignment with the reference map of the DS2 ? RXL10 intercross

80%
Milczarski P., Banek-Tabor A., Lebiecka K., Stojalowski S., Myskow B., Masojc P.
|
EN
A new genetic map of rye, developed by using the 541 ? Ot1-3 F2 intercross, consists of 148 marker loci, including 99 RAPDs, 18 SSRs, 14 STSs, 9 SCARs and 7 ISSRs, and spans the distance of 1401.4 cM. To the 7 rye chromosomes, 8 linkage groups were assigned and compared with the reference map of the DS2 ? RXL10 F2 intercross by using 24 common markers. The 2 combined maps contain altogether 611 marker loci (70?109 per chromosome) and constitute a substantial source of information useful for further genomic studies in rye. From 21 to 37 RAPD marker loci are distributed randomly along each chromosome length and their total number for all 7 rye chromosomes is 177. This abundance of RAPD marker loci in the rye genetic map can be exploited for development of SCARs in regions containing important genes or QTL.
11

ISSR evaluation of genetic stability of Polish tulip cultivars propagated in vitro

80%
Podwyszynska M., Kuras A., Korbin M.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 2
105-114
EN
The aim of the study was an early detection of somaclonal variation (SV) which could occur within the micropropagated plant material. Shoot cultures of the Polish cultivars were used. Five cultivars derived from breeder A and four from breeder B. They were propagated in vitro for one or two years. The molecular markers (inter-simple sequence repeat, ISSR) were utilized for analysis of putative DNA polymorphism between standard plants (propagated traditionally) belonging to tested cultivars and somaclonal variants derived from them. Within the nine studied genotypes, for five of them, the ISSR analysis performed with ten primers did not reveal polymorphism between standard and micropropagated plants. The analysis of the other four cultivars, all derived from breeder B, showed that some of the plants, micropropagated either for one or two years, differed slightly from standard. Basing on ISSR data, the UPGMA dendrogram showing genetic similarity of the analysed plants was generated and clusters grouping cultivars, their standards and micropropagated plants were noted.
12

Application of molecular markers in vegetable crops breeding

80%
Baranski R., Szklarczyk M., Grzebelus D., Jagosz B.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 1
47-50
EN
Molecular markers have been introduced to breeding programmes of vegetables in recent years in Poland. Research done at Dept. of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Agricultural University of Krakow allowed to implement molecular techniques useful in marker assisted selection, assessment of genetic purity of breeding lines and hybrids, and estimation of genetic similarity between breeding materials.
13

Application of molecular markers in evaluation of selected apple genotypes for four apple scab resistance genes

80%
Korbin M., Keller-Przybylkowicz S., Zurawicz E.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 2
153-161
EN
Breeding for scab resistant apple cultivars by pyramiding several genes in the same genetic background is a promising way to control this severe disease caused by Venturia inaequalis. To achieve this goal, molecular potential of expected parental forms should be determined. Screening of 24 genotypes used in apple breeding program for the presence of regions, linked to the resistance to apple scab with DNA markers flanking regions of four major genes Vf, Vbj, Vr and Vm, was conducted in the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture. All investigated resistance (R) regions were identified in evaluated population and three clusters representing the group of the genotypes without or with single tested R-gene and two groups of the genotypes, being the parallel donors of 3-4 R-genes, were generated.
14

Isolation and chromosomal distribution of a novel Ty1-copia-like sequence from Secale, which enables identification of wheat?Secale africanum introgression lines

80%
Jia J., Yang Z., Li G., Liu C., Lei M., Zhang T., Zhou J., Ren Z.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2009
|
vol. 50
|
issue 1
25-28
EN
A repetitive sequence of 411 bp, named pSaO5411, was identified in the Secale africanum genome (Ra) by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of wheat and wheat?S. africanum amphiploids. GenBank BLAST search revealed that the sequence of pSaO5411 was highly homologous to a part of a Ty1-copia retrotransposon. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses indicated that pSaO5411 was significantly hybridized to S. africanum chromosomes of a wheat?S. africanum amphiploid, and it was dispersed along the Secale chromosome arms except the terminal regions. Basing on the sequence of pSaO5411, a pair of sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers were designed, and the resultant SCAR marker was able to target both cultivated rye and the wild Secale species, which also enabled to identify effectively the S. africanum chromatin introduced into the wheat genome.
15

Saturating rye genetic map with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers

80%
Bednarek P. T., Masojc P., Lewandowska R., Myskow B.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2003
|
vol. 44
|
issue 1
21-33
EN
A linkage map of rye, previously developed using DS2 ? RXL10 F2 mapping population, was enriched with 179 AFLP and 19 RAPD marker loci. The current map covers 1386 cM and contains 480 markers including 200 RFLPs, 179 AFLPs, 88 RAPDs, 12 protein loci and one dwarfing gene. AFLPs generated by EcoRI/MseI primer combinations were distributed over the entire genome as distinct loci or clusters of 2-14 tightly linked DNA fragments. New marker loci mapped distally to the existing framework, significantly increased coverage of chromosomes 1R, 2R and 5R. The average marker distance is now 2.9 cM, but in seven regions the closest markers are still more than 20 cM apart. A detailed description of the newly mapped AFLP and RAPD loci is presented. The relationship with other published rye maps is discussed.
16

The practical use of molecular markers in hybrid breeding of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera)

80%
Poplawska W., Liersch A., Bartkowiak-Broda I.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
17-22
EN
Breeding of oilseed rape hybrid varieties in Poland is based on CMS ogura hybrydization system. The marker assisted selection is used in selection of parental lines of F1 hybrids. The markers of alleles of restorer gene Rfo are the most important in breeding programs. Also, the investigations on genetic distance of hybrid parental lines using molecular markers are undertaken aiming at its application for preliminary selection of F1 combinations.
17

Analysis of plum (Prunus domestica L.) DNA polymorphism using RAPD - PCR technique

71%
Lisek A., Korbin M., Zurawicz E., Rozpara E.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
76-72
EN
Precise identification of plum cultivars is desired in breeding programme of the species as well as in orchard practise. The aim of the presented studies was the determination of 19 plum cultivars Prunus domestica L. diversity. RAPD-PCR technique with 77 primers (Operon Technologies) from kits OPB, OPG, OPT and OPU was used for the analysis. Fifty-five polymorphic fragments DNA (600-2700 bp) were obtained in reactions with 33 primers. The highest number of polymorphic fragments (3-5) was observed in reactions with primers OPB 07, OPB 18, OPG 09, OPG 10 and OPT 14. The reactions with OPB 07, OPB 18 and OPG 09 allowed to diversify 15 cultivars, except 'Wegierka Zwykla' and clones 'Promis', 'Tolar', 'Nectavit'.
18

Molecular phylogenetics of representative Paramecium species

71%
Maciejewska A.
|
2007
|
vol. 55
|
issue 1-2
1-8
EN
The genus Paramecium has been known to science for 250 years and contains some of the most widely studied species of ciliates. At present, the basic research object for phylogenetic studies is the genome of various paramecia. One of the most widely used markers are genes coding for various rRNA's. Comparative analyses of sequences coding rRNA were applied for resolving the systematic position of some paramecia species and also for the establishment of an accurate taxonomy of Paramecium. Paramecia were also model organisms for their systematic group in more general studies in a comparative analysis among ciliates, fungi, plants and multicellular animals, illustrating the evolutionary relationships between Archaebacteria and Eucaryota. A new, revolutionary genealogy proposed the shifting of presumptively advanced groups towards more primitive ones, and traditionally primitive forms were located closer to highly specialized taxa, but rRNA analysis did not unambiguously resolve associations within the studied groups. Because of the aforementioned concerns, the number of molecular markers used for alternative studies is growing, such as genes coding proteins from the Hsp family or histone proteins. Other promising candidate markers may be hemoglobin genes or genes coding ?-tubulins. In case of comparative analyses of nucleotide sequences, the outcome of the research usually depends upon a subjective choice of DNA. One of the directions of research in molecular phylogenetics include indirect methods that allow for an estimation of entire genomes, for example RAPD-PCR-fingerprinting.
19

First report on the presence of fire blight resistance in linkage group 11 of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim

71%
Bokszczanin K., Dondini L., Przybyla A. A.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2009
|
vol. 50
|
issue 2
99-104
EN
Fire blight, caused by the gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al., is a dangerous disease of pome fruits, including pear. A pear breeding program for fire blight resistance was initiated in 2003 at the Department of Pomology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland. Since several Asian species are considered to be potential sources of resistance to fire blight, the susceptible Pyrus communis'Doyenne du Comice' was crossed with the resistant P. ussuriensis. The F1 full-sib progeny composed of 155 seedlings was tested for susceptibility to fire blight by artificial shoot inoculation. A framework linkage map of both parents was constructed based on 48 AFLP and 32 SSR markers and covered a length of 595 cM and 680 cM in 'Doyenne du Comice' and P. ussuriensis, respectively. For the first time a putative QTL for fire blight resistance in P. ussuriensis linkage group 11 was identified. Another putative QTL in linkage group 4 of 'Doyenne du Comice' seems to indicate that sources of fire blight resistance can be identified also in the susceptible cultivars.
20

Mapping of sequence-specific markers and loci controlling preharvest sprouting and alpha-amylase activity in rye (Secale cereale L.) on the genetic map of an F2 (S120xS76) population

71%
Myskow B., Stojalowski S., Milczarski P., Masojc P.
|
EN
Location of the loci that control preharvest sprouting and alpha-amylase activity in rye was studied based on intercross S120?S76, consisting of 110 genotypes of F2 and F3 progenies. The genetic map currently consists of 141 loci distributed in 11 linkage groups, covering a distance of 506.4 cM, and was enriched during this study with 24 sequence-specific markers (7 SCARs, 7 SSRs, and 10 STSs). The extended map was applied for composite interval mapping of the loci controlling preharvest sprouting and ?-amylase activity, revealing 3 significant QTLs for preharvest sprouting, located on chromosomes 3R, 5R and 6R (in 1999), and one QTL for ?-amylase activity found on chromosome 2R (in 2000).
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