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1

Cyclins and CDK kinases - proteins regulating eukaryotic cell division

100%
Jelenska J.
Biotechnologia
|
1999
|
issue 3
76-85
EN
The cell division in Eukaryota is regulated by a protein complex consisting of p34cdc2 protein kinase (or related CDK) and cyclin. The p34cdc2 protein kinase plays a catalytic role, whereas the cyclin moiety is a regulatory subunit. The p34cdc2/cyclin complex is required at two control points of the cell cycle: between G1 and S phase and between G2 and mitosis. This paper presents characterization of the key molecules regulating progression throughout the cell division cycle.
2

Cytogenetic effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on root tip cells of rye (Secale cereale L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and field bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor)

88%
Packa D.
|
|
issue 3
259-272
EN
The effects of fusarial toxins: DAS, T 2, DON, 3 Ac DON, MON and ZEA, on actively dividing root tip cells of rye, wheat and field bean were investigated. Three concentrations: 1, 5 and 10 mg mL-1 were applied for 24 hours. Nuclei and chromosomes were stained using the Feulgens method. It has been found that trichothecene mycotoxins (DAS, T 2, DON, 3 Ac DON) had a profound effect on mitosis, as they decreased the mitotic index, produced excessive condensation of pro and metaphase chromosomes, C metaphases and C anaphases, and caused an accumulation of metaphases. The main effect of trichothecene mycotoxins, probably caused via their influence on protein synthesis, was abnormal functioning of the mitotic spindle.
3

Cytology and fertility of viable hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. TB-566 with N. alata Link et Otto

75%
Laskowska D., Berbec A.
|
EN
A vigorous hybrid (N. tabacum cv. TB-566 tetra ? N. alata) ? N. alata was obtained by backcrossing a partly viable sesquidiploid hybrid N. tabacum cv. TB-566 tetra ? N. alata to N. alata. The hybrid was a 35-chromosome near-amphihaploid with a pair of N. alata chromosomes in disomic condition. It was completely self- and cross-sterile and formed from 7 to 8 bivalents in pollen mother cells. By using stem pith culture, polyploidized regenerants were obtained from the 35-chromosome hybrid with somatic chromosome numbers from 65 to 70. These regenerants showed fairly regular meiosis with the number of bivalents in pollen mother cells ranging from 27.3 to 30.4. Irregularities in meiosis included a high number of univalents, aberrant tetrads, and a high frequency of micronuclei. The percentage of acetocarmine-stainable pollen ranged from 22.1 to 78.4. A 66-chromosome regenerant showed fairly regular meiosis and was self-fertile but could not be backcrossed to N. tabacum. This barrier seems to be caused by genic imbalance rather than irregularities of meiotic divisions. Hence transfer programs based on the introgression of entire linkage groups (sexual and somatic hybridization) seem to be of little use in the case of that species.
4

Cytogenetic toxicity effects of inorganic nickel and organic Ni(II) complexes on Brassica oleracea L. root meristem

75%
Molas J.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2001
|
vol. 42
|
issue 3
257-268
EN
Experiments were carried out on the effect of nickel as an inorganic compound (NiSO4?7H2O) and organic Ni(II) complexes (i.e. Ni(II)-Glu and Ni(II)-EDTA) in concentrations of 20, 40 and 85 muM dm-3 on meristematic cells of root tips of Brassica oleracea L. cv. S?awa from Enkhouizen. All three tested chemical forms of nickel had a mitodepressive effect and inhibited root elongation. With respect to the degree of root elongation inhibition and mitodepressive effect, the tested forms of nickel can be put in the following order: Ni(II)-Glu NiSO4?7H2O Ni(II)-EDTA. In all three tested forms, nickel caused disturbances in mitotic divisions, resulting in anaphase bridges and binuclear cells, whose nuclei were joined by a bridge of condensed chromatin or separated. Inorganic nickel and Ni(II)-Glu in higher concentrations damaged nuclei (the amount of condensed chromatin increased), nucleoli (their structure became more condensed and vacuolisation was observed), endoplasmic reticulum (fragmentation, swelling of cisternae) and mitochondria (structure condensation).
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