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1

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on metabolism of microorganisms

100%
Giel-Pietraszuk M.
Biotechnologia
|
2009
|
issue 3
44-59
EN
During last y years a renewed interest in high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is observed particularly in food and pharmaceutical industry where is uses for preservation and sterilization of products. Pressure is a physical factor affecting conformation of biological macromolecules and influencing chemical reactions without introduction of any additional agents, e.g. salts. So it is a considerable factor in basic research, which enables analysis of the mechanism of conformational changes of nucleic acids, proteins and lipids as well as interactions between molecules. Detailed analysis of these processes is valuable not only from cognitive point of view but it has very important practical aspect. HHP become wider and wider used for inactivation of bacteria so recognition of its influence on entire cell is important for safety of consumers and patients.
2

Biotechnology in Polish food science ? achievement and perspectives

80%
Grajek W.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 4
41-55
EN
Polish food biotechnology science has achieved many successes in past years. Many new technologies have been introduced into food industry and many new products have been offered to consumers. The research related to food biotechnology is concentrated on agricultural universities, technical universities and on branch institutes. Although traditional biotechnology in Poland appears to be well developed, there are many groups working on transgenic plants and animals. In general, only few modifications concern the features important for food applications.
3

The possibility of modeling functional properties of legume food products through the tempeh type fermentation

80%
Kuligowski M., Nowak J.
Biotechnologia
|
2007
|
issue 4
113-124
EN
Tempeh is a fermented food, originally produced from soy beans, which is characterized by many interesting nutritional, health and functional proprieties. Using various raw material and fermentation condition together with the selection of suitable microorganisms, health beneficial functional proprieties of tempeh can be obtained. This gives a possibility to manufacture the products of specific (desirable for customers) features. The knowledge about modeling chemical composition, as well as biological activities and health effects of tempeh type products is still insufficient and requires more studies.
4

Membrane reactor - new possibilities

80%
Noworyta A., Bryjak J.
Biotechnologia
|
1993
|
issue 3
4-15
EN
The flow-sheet of for biotechnological application has been presented in the paper. The relevant topics that concern problems of microbial or as well as separation of reaction system onto the fractions with different residence time distributions have been overiewed. A set of conditions has been specified for membranes applied in the system. The following types of bioreactors have been characterized in detail i.e.:i) case of bioreactor for hydrolysis of penicillinum G and ii) case of microbial membrane bioreactor for culture and harvesting of biomass iii) microbial membrane bioreactor for alcohol fermentation.
5

Enzymes involved in polymer biodegradation

80%
Nowak B., Pajak J., Plociniczak T., Labuzek S.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 1
45-52
EN
Most widely used plastics are considered to be resistant to environmental factors. Degradation of most popular packaging polymer is slow and may take hundreds of years. To enhance their environmental degradation a number of different approaches, among them copolymerisation or compounding with additives susceptible to environmental factors such as polyesters are used. Enzymes involved in decomposition of polyesters are mainly hydrolases f.ex. esterases, lipases, cutinases. Research team in the Department of Biochemistry is working on polyethylene and poly(ethylene terephtalate) films modified with synthetic aliphatic polyester Bionolle? and mechanisms of their biodegradation using fungal extracellular hydrolytic enzymes.
6

Microorganisms in biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes

80%
Obrepalska-Steplowska A., Sosnowska D.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 2
115-130
EN
Nematodes are unsegmented roundworms that numerously and successfully adapted to all regions and environments on earth. The last ones were usually classified into feeding types: free-living, predaceous, and parasitic ? including plant-parasitic. They are of great significance in terms of damage they cause. Plant-parasitic nematodes have been reported to be responsible for the losses amounting to over $100 billion throughout the world. Because of the big difficulties in their eradication some of them are considered as quarantine species. The plant-parasitic nematodes are controlled using chemical methods ? mainly chemical nematicides. However, because of many drawbacks including health and environmental concerns, other control methods are considered. One of them is biological control and application of antagonistic microorganisms to decrease densities of nematodes populations. Microbial antagonists parasitizing various developmental stages of their hosts may affect nematodes by secretion of antibiotics, toxins and other secondary metabolites. The most important virulence factors are extracellular enzymes that participate in destroying the nematodes' cuticle or the egg-shell or in further phases of infection. This publication presents the examples of microorganisms investigated in terms of biological control, those that are already available commercially as well as some mechanisms involved in nematode-microbes interactions.
7

Biodegradation of N-heterocyclic compound

80%
Brzezinska-Rodak M., Peczynska-Czoch W.
Biotechnologia
|
2000
|
issue 1
102-116
EN
N-heterocyclic aromatic compounds are common contaminants associated with the use of hydrocarbons in both coal gasification and wood treatment processes. Those compounds have been found in groundwater, and many are known mutagens. It is obvious that in many cases the removal of those toxic compounds from our environment is a very complicated and expensive process. A method looking very promising is the one which employs the strains of chosen microorganisms and their biochemical pathways for biodegradation of a number of very dangerous compound like pyridine, quinoline, carbazole and derivatives of these compounds. Pyridine could be degraded through the same pathway under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The first step in this process is hydration. The mechanism of pyridine degradation involves N-C-2 (Nocardia Z1) or C-2-C-3 (Bacillus 4) ring cleavage. The metabolism of pyridine derivatives and other N-heterocyclic compounds like quinoline, carbazole or indole seems to be initiated by hydroxylation. The initial step in the transformation and a ring cleavage of quinoline derivatives can occur on either the heterocyclic or the homocyclic ring. In this article we reviewed the current status of this very difficult topic related to microbial degradation of N-heterocyclic compound.
8

Using biosorbents in the proccesses of metal removal from water solution

80%
Wojnowska-Baryla I., Klimiuk E.
|
|
issue 4
125-134
EN
This paper presents an overview of the theoretical and practical results of the heavy metals uptake by biosorbents. The influence of different factors on the heavy metal uptake by biosorbents was documented. Biosorption and related desorption mechanism were emphasized in this paper.
9

Factors influencing biological activity of composts

70%
Stachowiak B., Trojanowska K.
|
2003
|
issue 1
138-150
EN
Composts and their water extracts are often characterised by biological activity. These properties are not consistent, however. This review describes the factors influencing biological activity of composts and also presents a practical possibility of using composts in biological control diseases caused by plantpathogenes.
10

Biohazard and biosafety

70%
Chmiel A.
Biotechnologia
|
1993
|
issue 4
71-81
EN
The development of techniques of DNA recombination in vitro is a basis for the discusion of biohazard and biosafety in laboratory experiments, technological processes and for the environment. After twenty years of experience in this field no hazardous incident was published and therefore we claim that genetic engineering is safe.However, there are different degrees of biohazard in biotechnology depending on the biological agents used, and therefore safety precautions for handling them were developed. The majority of microorganisms used in biotechnology, especially for food production, is harmless.For laboratory work with pathogenes or for their technological applications (e.g. in vaccine production) the techniques of containment are developed and introduced into the praxis. In some cases new technologies eliminate the biorisk in vaccine production: safe genetically engineered instead of pathogenes are utilized.It is necessary to state, that the biosafety problem is discussed mainly from the point of view of human needs.However, the most important question is genetic engineering and biotechnology applications for the military sector.
11

Biodiesel obtained by microbiological methods

70%
Bialecka-Florjanczk., Stolarzewicz I., Kucharski D.
Biotechnologia
|
2009
|
issue 4
74-87
EN
Biodiesel ? a fuel for diesel engines ? represents an alternative environment-friendly source of energy obtained from renewable materials. Biodiesel is produced in triacylglycerol transesterification by alcohols such as methanol or ethanol and comprises fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters. For ecological reasons, the enzymatic transesterification is becoming of increasing interest, yet high price of enzymes obstructs its full industrial application. This work presents the latest achievements in biodiesel enzymatic production that refer both to isolated lipases as well as microorganisms that synthesize these enzymes. In the latter case, the work focuses on methods that allow for increasing biocatalyst activity and stability through changes in microorganism culture conditions, their immobilization and application of genetic engineering techniques.
12

Synthesis of polyenoic fatty acids by microorganisms

70%
Leman J.
|
|
issue 2
218-235
EN
The paper presents the possibilities of using some microorganisms as a potential source of biologically active polyenoic fatty acids. The reasons for using microorganisms for this purpose are among others, high yield, invariability of oil composition, independence from traditional agricultural conditions, efficient processing of cheap agro-food substrates and predisposition of microorganisms to biotransformations enabling tailoring of lipids. The following issues were discussed in particular: the methods suitable for the synthesis of specific fatty acids, oils of predicted composition, induced mutagenesis, genetic engineering of microorganisms, addition of inhibitors or activators of fatty acid biosynthesis to the growth medium, enzymatic modification of the oils, and production conditions ie recovery and processing of microbial oils.
13

Microorganisms in stereoselective organic synthesis

70%
Niemiec A., Szeja S. W., Szeja W.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 3
104-123
EN
This paper deals with the use of microorganisms for the synthesis of homochiral compounds. The influence of various factors on the efficiency of biotransformation employing whole cells is discussed. The author?s attention was focused on stereochemistry of reaction since the knowledge of its rules allows to control the stereoselectivity and productivity of biotransformation. Some interesting examples of best documented bioreduction and biooxidation reactions were selected and are reported in this article.
14

Screening methods of industrial strain mutants

70%
Galas E., Kwapisz E., Polak J.
Biotechnologia
|
1995
|
issue 3
104-119
EN
The screening methods used for improvement of industrial strains are presented.Two general categories of methods have been distinguished: random screening and rational screening.Major techniques employed in rational screening are based on the selection of auxotropic mutants, reverants of non-producers, strain resistant to some factors like toxic analogues of metabolism intermediates, induction and catabolite regression or end-product inhibition, mutants with modified cell wall permeability and microorganisms tolerating somenutrients and precursors of secondary metabolites.
15

Keratins and their biodegradation

70%
Rodziewicz A., Laba W.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 2
130-147
EN
The family of keratins comprises fibrous proteins of high mechanical and chemical stability, present in skin appendages like feathers, horn, hoof or hair, as well as cytokeratins forming a part of cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. The ability of keratin degradation is a feature of many saprophytic and pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and streptomyces. That also occurs during caspase-mediated apoptotic processes in vertebrate cells. The mechanism of microbial keratinolysis involves action of mainly alkaline serine proteases, but additional processes like sulphitolysis or mechanical breakdown are also known. Among a wide variety of microbes, bacteria, especially from the genus Bacillus, are of interest in terms of large scale biodegradation of keratinic wastes. Diverse applications, including poultry industry or farm wastes digestion, fertilizer composts production, broiler diets supplementation and prion protein decomposition, are mentioned.
16

Microbial surfactants ? synthesis and commercial applications

61%
Paraszkiewicz K., Dlugonski J.
|
2003
|
issue 4
228-238
EN
This article reviews the information from the last decade in the world literature on microbial biosurfactants. Biosurfactants classification, kinetics of production and factors affecting synthesis of these compounds are described. Special emphasis is put on the natural roles played by surface active agents in the growth microorganisms which produce them. The development of biosurfactants genetics is presented and their potential commercial use is discussed.
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