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EN
Repetitive DNA sequences constitute a significant component of most eukaryotic genomes, and the isolation and characterization of such sequences provide an insight into the organization of the genome of interest. Here, we report the isolation and molecular characterization of a novel repetitive DNA sequence from the genome of Citrus limon. Digestion of C. limon DNA with MboI produced a prominent fragment of approximately 600 bp. Southern blotting revealed a ladder composed of DNA fragments that are multimers of the 600 bp Mbo I band. This suggests that MboI isolated a novel satellite, named C. limon satellite DNA 600 (CL600). Methylation analyses using Sau3AI-MboI isoschizomers demonstrated that most cytosine residues in the GATC sites of this element were methylated in C. limon. This sequence was also found in related citrus plants, like grapefruit and orange, and the hardiest close relatives of Citrus, such as kumquat and trifoliate orange.
EN
In recent years it has become apparent that epigenetic events are potentially equally responsible for cancer initiation and progression as genetic abnormalities. DNA methylation is the main epigenetic modification in humans. Two DNA methylation lesions coexist in human neoplasms: hypermethylation of promoter regions of specific genes within a context of genomic hypomethylation. Aberrant methylation is found at early stages of carcinogenesis and distinct types of cancer exhibit specific patterns of methylation changes. Tumor specific DNA is readily obtainable from different clinical samples and methylation status analysis often permits sensitive disease detection. Methylation markers may also serve for prognostic and predictive purposes as they often reflect the metastatic potential and sensitivity to therapy. As current findings show a great potential of recently characterised methylation markers, more studies in the field are needed in the future. Large clinical studies of newly developed markers are especially needed. The review describes the diagnostic potential of DNA methylation markers.
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