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1

Mathematic's models in metabolic engineering

100%
Szewczyk K. W.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 2
7-31
EN
Metabolic engineering is an integrating methodology of analysis and synthesis for improvement of flux distribution of metabolic pathways. It has two main aspects: modeling and analysis of metabolic networks to establish strategies for pathway engineering and actual molecular level engineering the pathway. Mathematical modeling is one of the key methodologies of metabolic engineering. The review presents the currently used metabolic modeling approaches. Metabolite balancing is the basis for analysis of metabolic flux and cell capability to form a targeted product. The use of isotope ? labeled substrates with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analyses of intracellular and extracellular metabolites enables determination of metabolic flux distribution. Metabolic Control Analysis (MCA) is a theoretical framework for investigation of control mechanism of metabolic network to identify key parameters influencing productivity. Kinetics models present a more detailed approach to simulate metabolic net behavior. Linear approximation of kinetic model, the so called (log)linear kinetics, is useful for modeling spatiotemporal variations of the net. The including of genetic regulation to metabolic models, the next step in the development of metabolism models, needs new methods of experimental approaches and mathematic and computational resources. Metabolic engineering is barely a decade old, but its significance is already widely recognized in the research-intensive biotechnology community and attracts great interest of industry.
2

The modification of light flux leaving a wind-roughened, oil covered sea surface: example of computations for hallow seas

100%
Otremba Z., Piskozub P. J., Piskozub J.
|
2000
|
vol. 29
|
issue 1
117-133
EN
This paper presents chosen results of modelling of upward light flux over a rough sea surface covered with an oil film. In upward irradiance computations (by means of Monte Carlo method), the optical parameters of two types of water were taken into consideration: water typical for bays of the Baltic Sea (Case 2 water) and ocean (Case 1) waters, both covered with an oil layer 5 mum thick (Romashkino). Coefficients of reflectance and transmission for the oil film were used for the calculations. These coefficients were obtained through the mathematical simulation of the route of light rays, both upward and downward, through the oil film. The obtained results show that oil films influence upward light fluxes over the sea surface, and that this influence depends on the depth and roughness of the sea. The analyses of oil film visibility on sea surfaces revealed also the influence of the direction of observation.
3

Modeling the meta-dynamics of lymphocyte repertoires

100%
Mahr R.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
vol. 49
|
issue 2
111-120
EN
The complexity of biological systems, and the explosion of the quantity of biological information which is rapidly becoming available from experimental and clinical studies, necessitate the use of theoretical tools, namely, mathematical and computational modeling. The vertebrate adaptive immune system, with its learning and memory capabilities, is a particularly rich source of modeling challenges. Most difficult within this area is the study of lymphocyte repertoires ? the generation of their diversity and the forces that shape the ever-changing dynamics of lymphocyte clones. I review several examples of problems in lymphocyte repertoire modeling, demonstrate the types of solutions employed, and highlight the contribution of these theoretical studies to immunological research.
4

Studies on susceptibility of selected pretreated ligninocellulosic materials on enzymic hydrolysis

100%
Pielecki J., Targonski Z.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 1
153-160
EN
Studies described in this paper were conducted in order to determine the dependence between the conditions of ligninocellulosic substrate pretreatment and its suceptibility to enzymic hydrolysis. In view of this, a semi-empirical mathematical model was used to examine the process of enzymic hydrolysis of cellulose by assuming that this reaction proceeds as a sum of two first order reactions with different rates of reactions. The application of quasi-Newtonian equations allowed for the determination of percentage fractions of easily and non-easily hydrolised cellulose in the structures of pretreated substrates.
5

Landfill as bioreactor

88%
Kaczorek K., Ledakowicz S.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 2
69-87
EN
In this paper, landfill is described as bioreactor. Firstly, the bioprocesses taking part within the landfill together with their mathematical descriptions are presented. Secondly, the investigations on various landfill operational procedures are shown. The method which enables the studies on landfill behaviour is also described. Three basic concepts for a landfill design operation are explained: dry landfill, bioreactor landfill and final storage quality landfill. The advantages of landfill operating as bioreactor are stressed.
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