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1

Cerebellar granular layer degeneration in small cell lung cancer: paraneoplastic cerebellopathy or artifact?

100%
Barcikowska M., Kida E., Joachimowicz E., Siekierzynska A.
Neuropatologia Polska
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1992
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vol. 30
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issue 2
155-163
EN
The aim of our study was to ascertain whether granular cell degeneration represents uniquely an artifiactual or a supravital event in patients with oat cell carcinoma. The material includes 52 cases of small cell lung cancer (SLC). formalin fixed and paraffin embedded representative cerebellar slides were stained routinely (HE, Kluver-Barrera), and some of them served as material for immunohistochemical study. The following antibodies were used? anti-ferritin, anti-GFAP, anti-IgG and anti-C3 complement fraction. Finally 5 cases out of our material could be diagnosed as paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD). on the basis of lack of metastases within the CNS and concomitant intensive loss of Purkinje and granule cells. Clinically the cerebellar syndrome was disclosed in 3 cases. In the granular layer prevalence of microglial cell reaction was noted. GFAP-labeled astroglia were not demonstrated in the same intensity. Antisera to the C3 complement fraction showed moderate staining of Purkinje cell cytoplasm and in 4 cases also in granule cell nuclei. The immunopathological changes presently observed and glial cell proliferation could be evidence for a nonartifactual origin of PCD.
2

Tumour markers in the diagnosis and monitoring of lung cancer

80%
Lawicki S., Mroczko B., Szmitkowski M.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
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2002
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vol. 56
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issue 1
93-118
EN
Serum tumour markers may be helpful in early diagnosis of lung cancer, in the initial assesment of the extent of the disease, and in monitoring of the tumour growth or tumour volume reduction, once cancer has been diagnosed and treatment started. Recent studies have focused especially ? cytokines as a new group of tumour markers.
3

The influence of different culture microenvironments on the generation of dendritic cells from non-small-cell lung cancer patients

80%
Krawczyk P., Wojas K., Milanowski J., Rolinski J.
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issue 6
405-415
EN
Introduction: Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) are currently under extensive evaluation as cell vaccines for cancer treatment. Many protocols regarding DC generation in vitro with different protein components, especially autologous proteins, have been described. On the other hand, active tumor-derived factors in patients' serum could impair monocytes, which might result in their abrogated differentiation into DCs in vitro. Materials and Methods: Autologous DCs from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-bearing patients were generated in different culture microenvironments. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in the presence of interleukin-4 and granulocyte-monocyte-stimulating factor with supplementation of 10% autologous serum, 10% allogenic serum, or 2% human albumin. The course of apoptosis, phagocytic ability, and the immunophenotype of the generated DCs were analyzed using flow cytometric methods. Results: After 48 h of culture, we found a lower percentage of CD1a+/CD14+ and a higher percentage of CD1a+/CD14? cells in the culture supplemented with human albumin than in the cultures supplemented with serums. The lowest CD14 antigen expression was found in the human albumin-supplemented 48-h cultures. After 48 h in the cultures carried out with human albumin we found significantly higher percentages of AV+/PI+ cells and AV?/PI+ cells than in cultures supplemented with autologous or allogenic serum. We also noted that the expression of FITC-dextran after 4 and 24 h of incubation was significantly higher in the cultures supplemented with both serums than in the HA-SC. The percentage of semi-mature DCs and of CD83 expression was lowest in the culture supplemented with 2% human albumin. Conclusions: The kind of culture supplementation had a great impact on the apoptosis of cultured PBMCs. It could also influence the yield of monocyte-derived DCs. It was also confirmed that autologous and allogenic serums provide suitable microenvironments for the generation of autologous DCs from NSCLC patients. The choice of culture supplementation for DC generation is still unsolved and further studies should be undertaken
4

Elevated TGF-beta1 concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with primary lung cancer

80%
Domag?a-Kulawik J., Hoser G., Safianowska A., Grubek- J. H., Chazan R.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2006
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vol. 54
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issue 2
143-147
EN
Introduction: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is one of numerous inhibitory factors produced by cancer cells that regulate antitumor immunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate TGF-beta1 levels and lymphocyte subsets in the broncholaveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with primary lung cancer and to analyze the interdependence of these parameters. Materials and Methods: BALF samples were collected from 38 patients with primary lung cancer prior to treatment and from 23 healthy volunteers. Concentrations of TGF-beta1 were measured in two independent lots of samples using a commercially available sandwich ELISA kit after concentration of the supernatants. Differential cell counts in the BALF were performed on slides stained with the May Grnwald Giemsa method. Flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies was applied for lymphocyte phenotyping. Results: A higher level of TGF-beta1 in the BALF of patients compared with the healthy subjects was observed in both lots of samples (3.232.96 pg/ml vs. 1.050.95 pg/ml, p<0.05, and 16.119.3 pg/ml vs. 10.111.1 pg/m,, respectively, difference not significant). There was significant positive correlation of the TGF-beta1 level with the proportion of lymphocytes and negative correlation with both the proportion of macrophages and the percentage of cytotoxic and activated T lymphocytes. Conclusions: Our findings confirmed that TGF-beta takes part in the local response in the course of primary lung cancer.
5

The contribution of endotoxins present in the respiratory tract to overproduction of nitric oxide associated with impaired interleukin 6 release in bronchoalveolar leukocytes from lung cancer patients

61%
Cembrzynska-Nowak M., Bienkowska M., Werynska B., Dyla T., Jankowska R.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2000
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vol. 48
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issue 2
119-125
EN
The purpose of the study was to assess the relation between the levels of endotoxins circulating in airways of patients with lung cancer and the ability of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) leukocytes for ex vivo release of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and for in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced production of the mediators. Leukocytes isolated from the BAL of 11 patients and from 5 healthy individuals were cultured in the absence or presence of LPSE. coli. The levels of endotoxins in the BAL fluids (BALF) and the amounts of NO released ex vivo from unstimulated cells from the patients were highly (p = 0. 0025) elevated in comparison with those from healthy individuals. The release of NO was significantly correlated (Rs = 0. 638, p = 0. 047) with the levels of endotoxins in BALF. In contrast, production of IL-6 remained very low and a negative correlation (Rs = ?0. 623, p = 0. 0542) was observed between the amounts of NO and IL-6. It was also found that, in response to LPS, bronchoalveolar leukocytes from patients with lung cancer express a reduced capacity for in vitro production of NO and IL-6. Our data suggest that, in patients with lung cancer, the activation of BAL cells by endotoxins circulating in the airways may contribute, at least in part, to overproduction of spontaneous NO and, subsequently, the NO may reduce IL-6 production. Moreover, the exposure in vivo of the BAL cells to LPS renders them unable to respond to the second signals.
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