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Modelling of Rainfall-Runoff Relationship in Big-Akaki Watershed, Upper Awash Basin, Ethiopia

100%
Zeberie W.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2019
|
vol. 27
108-120
EN
Accurate estimation of surface runoff is a challenging task, but it is an important research topic because surface runoff plays a vital role in the study of the hydrological cycle, climate change, water resources, flood management, etc. Surface runoff reflects the amount of water that moves from the watershed into the river system and the amount that is drawn from it. The Big-Akaki watershed has suffered severe flooding due to increasing urbanization, deforestation, as well as reckless use of land and water resources that has led to the appearance of soil erosion. In our work, the SCS curve number was used to estimate runoff from the basin surface, and SWAT was used to delineate the basin and analyze the slope of the watershed, the soil and land uses. In addition, ground control points, interviews and field observation were carried out to collect data on the LULC classification. Moreover, model calibration (1991-1998) and validation (1999-2004) were performed for the monthly flow at the Akaki measuring station. The Big-Akaki watershed has a drainage area of 971,849 km2. The simulation was carried out by dividing the watershed into 33 sub-basins and assigning a hydrological response unit based on the definition of multiple HRU. The results indicate that SWAT generally works well by simulating runoff according to the result of three objectives (NSE, R2 and RSR). For surface runoff, the NSE, R2 and RSR values were 0.81, 0.82 and 0.44 during the calibration and 0.77, 0.77 and 0.48 during the validation period, respectively. Finally, the annual average precipitation and surface runoff of the Big-Akaki basin is 1183.56 mm and 227.634 mm, respectively. In addition, the results showed a direct relationship between rainfall and surface runoff.
2
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Assessment of sediment yield and conservation practices in Akaki watershed, Upper Awash Basin, Ethiopia

75%
Zeberie W.
|
2020
|
vol. 28
103-120
EN
Changes in land use / land cover, coupled with poor management systems, can result in a high rate of soil erosion and increased sediment transport by changing the extent and structure of runoff and sediment yield. The purpose of this study was to assess sediment yield and conservation practices in the Akaki watershed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The watershed has been severely degraded due to increasing urbanization, deforestation, careless use of land and water resources that have led to soil erosion. MUSLES were used to estimate sediment yield in watersheds. SWAT has been used to delineate the watershed and to analyze the slope of the watershed, soils and land uses. In addition, ground control points, interviews and field observations were conducted to collect data on the effects of soil erosion and the status of existing conservation measures. The average annual soil loss in the study area is estimated at 2.12 tonnes / ha / year due to the high erosivity of rainfall in the region. In addition, the results showed a direct relationship between precipitation and sediment yield. Spatial variability of sediment yield was performed using simulated sediment yield results for LULC generated. Also based on the spatial outcome for critical sub-watersheds, the design and development of best management practices were proposed under different scenarios. The scenarios showed that the average annual reduction in sediment yield at the sub-basins of hot spots after the application of filter belts, terraces and stone bunds was 75.6%, 68.8% and 69.6% respectively, 4% of sediment reduction. Therefore, the placement of filter strips for the Akaki catchment should be developed and encouraged for effective sediment reduction.
3
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Determination of the spatial structure of vegetation on the repository of the mine “Fryderyk” in Tarnowskie Góry, based on airborne laser scanning from the ISOK project and digital orthophotomaps

63%
Szostak M., Wężyk P., Pająk M., Haryło P., Lisańczuk M.
Geodesy and Cartography
|
2015
|
vol. 64
|
issue 1
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