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1

Effect prolonged administration of insecticide-cyhalothrin/karate on the blood and liver of rabbits

100%
Shakoori A. R., Aslam F., Sabir M., Ali S. S.
|
1992
|
vol. 40
|
issue 1-2
91-99
EN
A sublethal dose of Karate administered to rabbits produced a signification increase in the total erythrocyte count and packed cell volume after 15 days of administration, though no significant change was observed after 30 days. The transaminases (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, GOT; glutamate pyruvate transaminase, GPT) also increased after 15 days of treatment. The GPT activity increased 119% and 60% after 15 and 30 days, respectively. From amongst metabolites, glucose content increased 17% and 185%, while cholesterol decreased 40% and 66%, and bilirubin 84% and 61%, after 15 and 30 days, respectively. The hepatic AkP activity decreased 30%, while the GPT activity increased 44%. Other enzymes such as AcP, GOT and LDH remained unaffected. The concentration other metabolites, except for FAA which increased 35%, remained unaffected. Histological changes were marked by atrophied hepatic cells and hypertrophied nuclei and nucleoli. A trend towards necrosis of hepatic cells was also observed. All these results indicate that Karate is moderately toxic to mammals.
2

Lymphocytes distribution and intrahepatic compartmentalization during HCV infection: a main role of MHC-unrestricted T cells

100%
Agrati C., Nisii C., Oliva A., D?Offizi G., Montesano C., Pucillo L. P., Poccia F.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2002
|
vol. 50
|
issue 5
307-316
EN
Hepatitis-C virus (HCV) infection induces an acute and chronic liver inflammation through an immune mediated pathway that may lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Indeed, HCV-related hepatitis is characterized by a dramatic lymphocyte infiltrate in the liver which is mainly composed by HCV non-specific cells. Several data indicated that IFN-gamma secretion by intrahepatic lymphocytes (IHL) may drive non specific cell homing to the liver inducing IP-10 production. An interesting hallmark of these IHL is the recruitment of lymphocytes associated with mechanism of innate immunity such as NK, NKT and gamma delta T lymphocytes. CD81 triggering on NK cell surface by the HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 was recently shown to inhibit NK cell function in the liver of HCV-infected persons resulting in a possible mechanism contributing to the lack of virus clearance and to the establishment of chronic infection. In contrast, intrahepatic NKT cells restricted to Cd1d molecules expressed on the hepatocyte surface may contribute to a large extent to the liver damage. Finally, an increased frequency of T cell expressing the gamma delta TCR was observed in HCV-infected liver and recent observations indicate that intrahepatic gamma delta T cell activation could be directly induced by the HCV/E2 particle through CD81 triggering. These cells are not HCV specific, are able to kill target cells including primary hepatocytes and their ability to produce Th1 cytokines is associated with an higher degree of liver disease. Altogether, CD1d/NKT and/or E2/CD81 interactions may play a major role in the establishment of HCV immunopathogenesis. In absence of virus clearance, the chemokine-driven recruitment of lymphocytes with an innate cytotoxic behavior in the liver of HCV infected patients may boost itself leading to the necroinflammatory and fibrotic liver disease.
3

The effect of TCDD dioxin on the rat liver in biochemical and histological assessment

100%
Czepiel J., Biesiada G., Gajda M., Szczepanski W., Szypula K., Dabrowski Z., Mach T.
Folia Biologica
|
2010
|
vol. 58
|
issue 1-2
85-90
EN
Eighteen maleWistar rats were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each. Two groups received different intraperitoneal doses of TCDD (0.75 and 8Fg) in DMSO solution and the third group (control) received only DMSO on days 0, 7 and 14. On day 21 the animals were sacrificed, and then blood tests, pathological examination and CYP1A1 activity measurement were performed. In rats that received a high dose of dioxin (8 Fg) hepatic lobules revealed parenchymal degeneration and vacuolization of hepatocytes was observed, and also an increased CYP reaction was found in central parts of lobules, around the central vein. The reaction in control and low dose groups was weak. The resorufin level was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the group receiving a low dose of dioxin as compared to the control group. The study confirmed that TCDD damages the rat liver in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of high TCDD doses causing major liver damage also damaged CYP1A1 (based on higher resorufin levels in epiluminescence). TCDD activates CYP1A1, which was confirmed by increased immunohistochemical reactivity of central areas of hepatic lobules.
4

Liver regeneration ofter partial hepatectomy. Function of the lipid messengers

88%
Chocian G., Zabielski P., Chabowski A.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2002
|
vol. 56
|
issue 1
49-71
EN
The paper contains current data on the different ways of the liver regeneration. There is still not enough data about control of the regeneration processes in the liver. However nuclear phosphatidylinositols and sphingomyelins have been shown to play a potent role of messengers signaling. The lipid messengers may be potent factors affecting process of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
5

Molecular mechanisms regulating transport of low molecular substances in hepatocyte

88%
Zwierz K., Wielgat P., Borzym-Kluczyk M.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2003
|
vol. 57
|
issue 1
91-116
EN
Transporters of sinusoidal and lateral membranes mediate uptake of inorganic and organic substances to hepatocyte. In hepatocyte lipophilic compounds are biotransformed (hydroxylated and conjugated) and excreted into bile and urine. Vectorial movement of solutes and water from blood to bile is maintained by pumps of ABC superfamily secreting bile salts (bile acid dependent flow) and other solutes: bilirubin, phospholipids, glutathione and inorganic salts (bile acid independent flow).
6

Review extrathymic pathways of T cell differentiation

88%
Abo T.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
vol. 49
|
issue 2
81-90
EN
It is known that the liver is a major hematopoietic organ at fetal stages, but the hematopoiesis of this organ ceases of birth. However, the liver is still found to comprise c-kit+ stem cells and gives rise to extrathymic T cells, NK cells, and even granulocytes after birth. Extrathymic T cells generated in the liver of mice are identified as intermediate TCR (TCRint) cells, which include the NK1.1+TCRint (i.e. NKT cells) and NK1.1-TCRint subsets. Although extrathymic T cells are few in number during youth, they increase in number with advancing age. The number and function of extrathymic T cells are also elevated under conditions of stress, infections, malignancy, pregnancy, autoimmune disease, chronic GVH diseases, etc. Under these conditions, the mainstream of T cell differentiation in the thymus, which produces conventional T cells, is inversely suppressed. Extrathymic T cells comprise self-reactive forbidden clones and mediate cytotoxicity against abnormal self-cells. Therefore, they might be beneficial for the elimination of such cells. However, over-activation of extrathymic T cells might be responsible for the onset of certain autoimmune disease.
7

Ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver

88%
Ziaja J.
|
|
vol. 55
|
issue 3
433-448
EN
There is no single factor responsible for liver injury after its temporary ischemia and reperfusion. We deal with a mosaic of biochemical processes, in which a number of cells, mediators and enzymatic systems take part. The mechanism of liver injury remains far from full explanation.
8

Application of pig liver esterase in organic synthesis

88%
Mroczkiewicz M., Fryszkowska A., Ostaszewski R.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 2
32-47
EN
Pig liver esterase (PLE) is widely used as a biocatalyst in organic synthesis. The model of PLE catalytic center is discussed. Simple experimental procedure providing gram quantity of this enzyme is introduced. General aspects of PLE reactivity and selectivity are presented. The most representative chemical reactions catalyzed by PLE are shown on selected examples.
9

Immune mechanisms contributing to spontaneous acceptance of liver transplants in rodents and their potential for clinical transplantation

88%
den_ D. M., Bishop G. A.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2003
|
vol. 51
|
issue 1
29-44
EN
The fate of organ transplants between unrelated individuals of the same species is almost always to be rejected, unless the recipient receives immunosuppressive drugs. Liver transplants are an exception, as in a number of animal models, they are often accepted without requiring any treatment. Several mechanisms have been proposed for liver transplant acceptance including: the vascular structure of the liver which allows interaction between na?ve T cells and liver parenchymal cells; the atypical leucocyte populations of the liver particularly immature dendritic cells; neutralisation of rejection by donor soluble MHC antigen; establishment of microchimerism by donor haematopoietic stem cells and death by ?neglect? of recipient T cells in response to inappropriate activation by donor liver leucocytes. Although all these mechanisms may contribute to liver acceptance to some degree, an important finding is that liver acceptance appears to be mainly due to donor leucocytes transplanted with the liver. In combination with the observation of rapid T cell activation followed by their death after liver transplantation, these findings have identified a prominent role for donor leucocyte-induced deletion of liver-reactive T cells. These findings suggest novel ways to explore improved treatment for transplant patients, including administration of donor leucocytes at the time of transplantation and delay of some components of immunosuppressive drug induction therapy.
10

The effect of using whole wheat grain in diet of game pheasants on their body weight, dimensions and development of some internal organs

75%
Kokoszynski D., Bernacki Z., Cisowska A.
Folia Biologica
|
2010
|
vol. 58
|
issue 1-2
101-106
EN
The supplementation of game pheasant diet from 5 weeks of age with 30%whole wheat grain instead of feed mixture did not significantly affect their body weight nor most body dimensions. Female and male pheasants fed a diet containing wheat grain had smaller body and trunk lengths, greater chest circumference and greater length of breastbone, and lower thigh and shank size. Female pheasants were characterized by higher indices of compactness and long-leggedness, whereas male pheasants had higher indices of massiveness, compactness and long-leggedness than pheasants fed only feed mixtures. Cock pheasants receiving the wheat diet also had a statistically shorter trunk, however, hens possessed a statistically longer lower thigh. Length of intestine (174.2 cm) and individual parts of the intestine (small intestine 119.9 cm; caeca 43 cm; rectum 11.3 cm) was greater in cocks fed whole wheat grain compared to cocks receiving only feed mixtures (156.1; 107.6; 38.8; 9.7 cm, respectively). An opposite cocks was found in hens. Supplementation of whole wheat grain in the diets significantly (P#0.05) increased liver weight and percentage in females and significantly decreased testicular weight and percentage in males. It was also found that females of both feed-treatment groups had significantly lower weights of heart, liver and spleen, and hens fed only feed mixtures were also characterized by a significantly lower weight of the proventriculus.
11

Effects of Cu2+, CrO4 2-, Co2+ and Pb2+ on the monovalent ion content of goldfish (Carassius auratus gibelio) tissues studied by X-ray microanalysis

75%
Tylko G., Kilarski W.
Folia Biologica
|
2003
|
vol. 51
|
issue 1-2
125-128
EN
Carassius auratus gibelio was chosen as an organism with a high level of tolerance against heavy metal to investigate changes in monovalent ions content in its tissues. Fish were kept in 10 ppm Cu2+ (3h), CrO4 2- (96h), Co2+(96h), Pb2+ (8h) and control (96h) solutions, then tissues were dissected and prepared for X-ray microanalysis. K+, Na+ and Cl- concentration was measured and calculated. Short periods of time of fish acclimation to Cu2+ (3h) and Pb2+ (8h) caused fish to suffocate as a consequence of heavy metal ions binding to gill mucopolisaccharides. Cl- and Na+ content decreased after Cu2+ treatment in kidney cells and muscle fibers, and so did K+ concentration in gill cells in comparison to control. After that CrO4 2- ions acclimation changes in all tissues and in all measured ions were observed. Similar effects were observed in Co2+ ions treatment but not for muscle fibers. Pb2+ ions caused an elevation of Cl- and Na+ ions content in gill cells and muscle fibers but decreasing in liver and kidney cells in comparison to control. Changes in monovalent ions concentration are probably related to heavy metal ions influence on ionic pump activity, their interaction with metabolic enzymes, ATP production or membrane phospholipids.
12

Evaluation of nephrotoxicity of cadmium in laboratory animals and humans

63%
Halatek T., Chmielnicka J.
|
|
vol. 47
|
issue 5
375-401
EN
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