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Patient dose and lifetime cancer risk from contrast-enhanced radiography examination in a tertiary health institution in Delta State, South-South, Nigeria

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Eze E. M., Chiegwu H. U., Zira J. D., Omojola A. D., Asogwa O. C., Okon E. E., Ihefobi C.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2023
|
vol. 46
87-100
EN
Contrast-enhanced radiography examination requires multiple exposures and may sometimes involve the patient receiving a higher radiation dose than expected. The study was aimed at determining the mean entrance skin doses (ESDs), dose area products (DAPs) and effective doses (Eff) for 6 interventional procedures. The study was compared to similar guidelines and articles, with the aim of fashioning out a local diagnostic reference level in the region and it also determined the lifetime cancer risk for 3 out of the 6 contrast-enhanced procedures. The study used a 3-phase ceiling-mounted digital radiography (DR) X-Ray Unit (POLYRAD PREMIUM CS-Radiologia). A total of 140 investigations were carried out and the average patient age was 45.35 years. Patient doses were estimated using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) [Lithium Fluoride doped with Magnesium and Titanium (LiF: Mg, Ti)]. Patient ESDs and DAPs for barium enema (BE), barium meal (BM), barium swallow (BS), hysterosalpingogram (HSG), intravenous urogram (IVU) and micturating cystourethrogram (MCU) ranged from 7.51-12.01 mGy and 7.25-13.65 Gy.cm2, while the effective doses (Eff) ranged from 1.45-4.10 mSv. The DAP for BE, BM, BS and IVU was lower compared to the United Kingdom (UK), Ireland and Japan but HSG and MCUG were higher compared to the UK reports. The lifetime cancer risk for BS (46 per million) and IVU (114 per million) was comparable to the United Kingdom (UK) Health Protection Agency (HPA), while the lifetime cancer risk was doubled for BE compared to the UK HPA report. The study proved useful in areas where the use of contrast-enhanced radiography is still in use. The study has demonstrated that lower ESD and DAP can be achieved, which is comparable to the fluoroscopy modality.
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