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Intertrial responses in defensive instrumental learning

100%
Zielinski K.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1993
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vol. 53
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issue 1
215-229
EN
Data by the author, as well as from other laboratories, show residual fear as the main source of intertrial responses (ITR) during defensive instrumental training in rats, cats and dogs.. Between-subject differencies in ITR rate arise in the course of training. The differences depend on training conditions and on subject's emotionality. Under the same conditions higher ITR rates correspond to more rapid avoidance learning. The increase of ITR rate is regularly observed in the following circumstances: at early stages of training, after transfer to a less salient discriminative stimulus, and after a change of the taskrequirements. The decrease of ITR rate corresponds to the plateau level of avoidance or escape performance. Both a lower ITR rate and reduced flexibility of behavior are found after lesions of the amygdala nuclei.
2
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Escape from shock versus escape from shock accompanied by a visual stimulus in rats

100%
Zielinski K., Savonenko S. A. V., Savonenko A. V.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2000
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vol. 60
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issue 4
457-465
EN
Two groups of 15 rats each were trained in a shuttle box to escape foot-shock either unsignalled or presented in compound with a visual cue: darkness. The visual cue presented in shock compartment amplifies the behavioral tendency actually prevailing in the response repertory of the rat. During the 1st session the compound enhanced the species-specific flight resulting in shortening of the rat?s escape latency. Thereafter, during subsequent sessions, darkness exaggerated resistance to enter the other compartment, thus escape latencies were longer under compounded than under unsignalled procedure. The darkness cue reduces the intertrial response rate relative to the unsignalled group. This latter finding supports the discrimination model of the effect, since the compound helps the animals to discriminate the illuminated ?safe? period between trials from the aversive shock period. Our data seem to suggest that the darkness presented synchronously with escapable grid-shock acquires aversive properties.
3
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Changes of intertrial response rate with elapse of time after two-way avoidance trial in rats

88%
Zielinski K., Nikolaev E.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1997
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vol. 57
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issue 1
41-47
EN
The changes of intertrial response (ITR) rate along the intertrial interval duration were examined in 30 rats trained in two way avoidance. The lowest ITR rate was observed just after a cross through response terminating a trial. Rats trained with a warning signal of darkness showed over all higher ITR rates and shorter periods of post trial reduction of ITR rate than rats trained with a more salient noise warning signal. The period of post trial low ITR rate lengthened in consecutive sessions indicating the gradual development of a safety state.
4
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Interneuronal cortical connections and intertrial responses in appetitive instrumental learning

88%
Merzahanova G. K.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1997
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vol. 57
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issue 3
247-253
EN
The organization of interneuronal cortical connections in intertrial periods was studied in 4 cats trained to perform the delayed appetitive instrumental response to a visual conditioned stimulus (CS). Crosscorrelational analysis revealed changes in intra- and intercortical neuronal networks of the visual and motor cortical projection areas. Depending on the form of behavior in the intertrial period, i.e., the presence or absence of the acquired instrumental response, the functional connections of either informational (time delays of less than 30 ms) or motivational (time delays in the range of 60-100 ms) character dominated between the neurons of the motor and visual cortical areas.
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