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Toxicological study and health risk assessments of heavy metal contents of some commercially sold beauty soaps in Owerri, Imo State, South East, Nigeria

100%
Ashabelem M. C., Kalu G. I., Ibe F. C., Ashabelem O. J., Nwokeke U. G.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2025
|
vol. 59
346-357
EN
It has been shown that heavy metals toxicity to humans is as a result of long term or high level exposure to pollutants common in the environment including the air, water, food and numerous consumer products such as the cosmetics and toiletries. In this study, heavy metal contents of some commercially sold beauty soaps in Owerri Imo State were determined. These items were purchased from various supermarkets at different locations within Owerri capital city. The cosmetics were analyzed for heavy metals (chromium, cadmium, lead, mercury and nickel) after digestion with concentrated acids HNO3: HClO4: H2SO4 The concentrations of the selected toxic heavy metals were determined in duplicate using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The samples analyzed contained a detectable amount of the metals of interest. The concentration of the heavy metals in the samples ranged from 0.056-0.092 ppm (Cr), 0.083-0.183 ppm (Ni), 0.034-0.080 ppm (Cd), 0.043-0.104 ppm (Pb) and 0.013-0.022 ppm (Hg) respectively. The results showed that toxic heavy metals were present in beauty soaps sold in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, and the concentrations of the toxic metals were lower than the WHO limit. The estimated chronic daily intakes where lower than the minimum tolerable daily intakes (MTDI) for the various metals. The estimated hazard quotient (HQ<1) shows the concentration of the metal may not cause immediate significant health problem. Hazard index (HI) was < 1 (Table 5) indicating that consumers are found to be safer. The cancer risk of chromium was found to be 1.13E−4 in sample C, which is lower than the negligible range, indicating no cancer risk (CR). It is obvious from the present study that the use of some beauty soap products sold in Owerri exposes users to low concentrations of toxic heavy metals which could constitute potential health risk to users since it has been known that heavy metals can accumulate in the biological system over time and are known to induce skin problems or diseases such as cancer. Further research to better understand the sources of heavy metals in beauty soap products is recommended.
2
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Seasonal variation in heavy metal distribution in the sediments of selected dams in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

100%
Gav B. L., Aremu M. O., Etonihu A. C.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2018
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vol. 20
148-159
EN
The study was carried out to ascertain seasonal variation in heavy metal distribution in sediments from Dams located in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Sediment samples were collected twice each at two different seasons for two years from May to September, 2014 and November-December, 2014 to March, 2015 for wet and dry seasons, respectively. Similarly, sediment samples were collected from May to September, 2015 and November-December, 2015 to March, 2016 for wet and dry seasons, respectively. The samples were then assessed for heavy metal properties, using atomic absorption spectrophotography (AAS). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was then applied. The mean results of the heavy metal levels showed high values in dry seasons and low values in wet seasons in the two years of the study. Herein, the results of ANOVA revealed significant difference in the heavy metal concentrations between the seasons, dams and years. Our study also indicated that for heavy metals, the levels determined in sediments were within the WHO acceptable standards, except for Pb and Mn. These exceeded the WHO acceptable standards for drinking water. Based on these results, the dam waters are, therefore, polluted and unsuitable for human consumption, except after treatment.
3
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Evaluating the Behavior of Metals in soil environment

100%
Draszawka-Bołzan B., Cyraniak E.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2017
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vol. 9
19-34
EN
Metals added to soil will normally be retained at the soil surface. Movement of metals into other environmental compartments, i.e., ground water, surface water, or the atmosphere, should be minimal as long as the retention capacity of the soil is not exceeded. The extent of movement of a metal in the soil system is intimately related to the solution and surface chemistry of the soil and to the specific properties of the metal and associated waste matrix. The retention mechanisms for metals added to soil include adsorption of the metal by the soil solid surfaces and precipitation. The retention of cationic metals by soil has been correlated with such soil properties as pH, redox potential, surface area, cation exchange capacity, organic mater content, clay content, iron and manganese oxide content and carbonate content. Anion retention has been correlated with pH, iron and manganese oxide content and redox potential. In addition to soil properties, consideration must be given to the type of metal and its concentration and to the presence of competing ions, complexing ligands, and the pH and redox potential of the soil-waste matrix.
4
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Heavy Metals (HMs) Concentration in Two Sections of Ogun River, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

88%
Osifeso O. O., Umoren O. D., Akinbola M. G., Idowu D. A., Akinbola S. A.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2025
|
vol. 60
115-125
EN
Water is essential for the survival of all living beings, yet this precious resource faces growing threats due to the expanding human population and rising developmental activities. The study aimed to assess the heavy metals (HMs) Concentration in Two Sections of the Ogun River in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected in triplicate from the two sections, then all water parameters were carried out using standard laboratory procedures. The findings indicated that both pH and temperature were elevated in the Alagada section, while electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were higher in the Lafenwa section of the Ogun River. Moreover, the concentrations of cadmium, copper, iron, zinc, and chromium were greater in the Alagada section, whereas manganese, nickel, and lead levels were elevated in the Lafenwa section of the river. Additionally, the concentrations of cadmium, iron, chromium, manganese, nickel, and lead in both sections, along with copper in the Alagada section, exceeded the standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO). A moderately positive correlation was also identified between copper and nickel, as well as manganese and iron, suggesting that the HMs arise from a combination of natural and human-induced sources.
5
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Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration of Groundwater in Veppanthattai Block, Perambalur District, Tamil Nadu

88%
Ibraheem A. M., Mazhar Nazeeb Khan S. M.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2017
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vol. 12
21-26
EN
The current study was aimed to find out the heavy metal concentration of groundwater in the Veppanthattai block. Here, 45 water samples from different sites were collected during the year 2015 at post monsoon, and Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn heavy metal content was analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), The obtained results were then compared with the WHO standard for the specific highest pollution level. Accordingly, some or all water samples are above the permissible limit, particularly for Cd metal (all samples). The elevated concentration of cadmium in water samples of the study area may be due to agricultural runoff, as pesticides and cadmium-containing fertilizer have been used. The study showed that without proper treatment, the groundwater of the study area is not suitable for domestic applications.
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