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Determination of Urinary Schistosomiasis among School Children in selected Schools in Bekwarra Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria Using Rapid Diagnostic Methods

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Iboyi M. O., Moses J., Azua E. T.

World News of Natural Sciences

2022

vol. 43

83-95

Urinary Schistosomiasis is caused by the trematode Schistosoma haematobium. The disease is characterized by blood in the urine. This study was conducted to ascertain if self-reported haematuria using questionnaire, visible haematuria and micro haematuria using reagent strips could be used as a rapid diagnostic tool for detection of urinary schistosomiasis in the study area. The study was carried out among school children in Bekwarra Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. A total of 400 urine samples collected from the students were investigated. Analytical procedure employed was detection of haematuria and presence of S. haematobium ova in urine using urine sedimentation. Out of the 400 samples observed, 118(29.5%) were infected with Schistosoma haematobium. Overall prevalence of micro haematuria, self-reported haematuria and visible haematuria were 94(23.5%), 87(21.8%) and 39(9.8%) respectively. Self-reported haematuria and visible haematuria was highest among male subjects with a prevalence of 63(26.7%) and 28(11.9%) respectively. However, micro haematuria was highest among the female subjects 40(24.4%) as compared to the male 54(22.9%) (P>0.05). Self-reported haematuria was highest among the age group 15-19 years 13(25.5%), micro haematuria was highest among the age group 10-14 years 56(26.3%) while visible haematuria was highest among the age group 5-9 years 15(11.0%). However, the variation observed was insignificant (P<0.05). The three diagnostic methods employed were not uniform in terms of the results gotten among the eight schools studied. Self-reported haematuria was highest in Community Primary School, Beten 25(50.0%), followed by micro-haematuria in Sacred Heart Primary School, Nyanya 23(46%), while visible haematuria was highest in Community Primary School, Ijibor 12(24.0%). Diagnostic methods revealed that micro haematuria had the highest sensitivity 65(55.1%), followed by self-reported haematuria 50(42.4%) then visible haematuria, 32(27.1%). The proportion of false positive diagnoses was highest in self-reported haematuria 37(9.3%), followed by micro haematuria 29(7.3%) then visible haematuria 7(1.8%). The findings suggest that reagent strips are rapid method for detection of micro haematuria for identifying individuals and communities infected with Schistosoma haematobium.

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1 World News of Natural Sciences

1 2022

1 Azua E. T.

1 Iboyi M. O.

1 Moses J.

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Determination of Urinary Schistosomiasis among School Children in selected Schools in Bekwarra Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria Using Rapid Diagnostic Methods