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1

Variability of ribosomal DNA sites in Festuca pratensis, Lolium perenne, and their intergeneric hybrids, revealed by FISH and GISH

100%
Ksiazczyk T., Taciak M., Zwierzykowski Z.
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EN
This study focuses on the variability of chromosomal location and number of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sites in some diploid and autotetraploid Festuca pratensis and Lolium perenne cultivars, as well as on identification of rDNA-bearing chromosomes in their triploid and tetraploid F. pratensis x L. perenne hybrids. The rDNA loci were mapped using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S and 25S rDNA probes, and the origin of parental genomes was verified by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) with L. perenne genomic DNA as a probe, and F. pratensis genomic DNA as a block. FISH detected variation in the number and chromosomal location of both 5S and 45S rDNA sites. In F. pratensis mostly additional signals of 5S rDNA loci occurred, as compared with standard F. pratensis karyotypes. Losses of 45S rDNA loci were more frequent in L. perenne cultivars and intergeneric hybrids. Comparison of the F. pratensis and L. perenne genomes approved a higher number of rDNA sites as well as variation in chromosomal rDNA location in L. perenne. A greater instability of F. pratensis-genome-like and L. perenne-genome-like chromosomes in tetraploid hybrids was revealed, indicating gains and losses of rDNA loci, respectively. Our data indicate that the rDNA loci physically mapped on chromosomes 2 and 3 in F. pratensis and on chromosome 3 in L. perenne are useful markers for these chromosomes in intergeneric Festuca x Lolium hybrids.
2

Identification of distant lily hybrids on the basis of chromosomal markers

100%
Marasek A., Orlikowska O. T., Orlikowska T.
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EN
A status of plants obtained from interspecific crosses of oriental lilly cultivar Marco Polo with Lilium henryi and L. henryi with cultivar Marco Polo was tested on the basis of morphology and C-band patterns of chromosomes. The positions of the secondary constrictions were found to be the best morphological markers. Also chromosomes of different C-band patterns from parental forms were chosen for hybrids identification. Four out of five plants cultivar Marco Polo x Lilium henryi and one out of four plants from reciprocal crosses were found to be true hybrids according to chromosomal markers.
3

Resistance of Polish lines and hybrids of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum et Nakai] to Fusarium oxysporum at the seedling stage

88%
Swiader M., Pronczuk M., Niemirowicz?Szczytt K.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2002
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vol. 43
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issue 2
161-170
EN
Watermelon is a species cultivated in the hot climate or in the greenhouse. Since recently it has also started to be grown in the open in the Polish climate. This species is frequently at risk of Fusarium oxysporum infection. Between 1996 and 1997 ten inbred lines and nine hybrids of Polish origin were tested for resistance to this pathogen. The test was conducted with the use of four isolates of F. oxysporum: three from Polish infected plants (formae speciales not determined), while the fourth from U.K. (F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum). In the three series of tests the control plants were Pannonia F1 and Sugar Baby. No inbred line or hybrid was found to be highly resistant to the pathogen. However, it was possible to identify four lines and five hybrids showing a higher level of resistance as compared with the control. The level of hybrid resistance was determined by comparison with the parental genotypes.
4

Spontanous tetraploids of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.s.I.).I.Origin and some morphological characters

88%
Kazimierski T., Kazimierska E. M.
Genetica Polonica
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1994
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vol. 35
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issue 4
271-284
EN
The studies focused on the mechanism of autotetraploid plant occurrence in a hybrid progeny obtained from crossing geographically distant white lupin subspecies.It has been found that autotetraploid plants occurred : a) parthenogenetically - through dupllication of chromosome number in an unreduced megaspore; b) amphimitically - due to duplication of chromosome number in part of somatic cells: in sectors with a doubled chromosome number there occur 2n gametes.Tetraploid plants occurred parthenogenetically died in the next generation, wheres those occurred amphimitically on chimera plants appeared to be viable.Autotetraploid plants in comparison to diploid forms flowered and matured later were less fertile and characterized by larger seeds.
5

Effect of selected factors on the effectiveness of Capsicum annuum L. anther culture

88%
Nowaczyk P., Kisiala A.
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EN
The primary aim of the study was to establish the effectiveness of induced androgenesis in in vitro anther culture of two pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) breeding lines ? ATZ1 and PO, and a hybrid between these two lines (ATZ1 ? PO)F1. Anther culture was maintained according to the method developed by Dumas de Vaulx et al. (1981) with some modifications. The experiment revealed that the effectiveness of androgenesis ranged from 4% for the ATZ1 line to 1.5% for the (ATZ1 ? PO)F1 and strongly depended on the developmental stage of flower buds, as well as the conditions for anther culture maintenance. The development of androgenic embryos was successfully induced only in anthers which originated from the flower buds with petals equal or slightly longer than sepals and there was a clear relationship between the length of the period of anther induction on CP medium and the level of kinetin in R1 regeneration medium.
6

Hybrids and amphiploids of Aegilops ovata L. with Secale cereale L.: production, morphology and fertility

88%
Wojciechowska B., Pudelska H.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2002
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vol. 43
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issue 4
415-421
EN
Hybrids (2n = 3x = 21) between Aegilops ovata and Secale cereale were produced via embryo rescue. Most hybrid morphological traits were intremediate between parents, the plants grew vigorously but were completely sterile. The average frequency of chromosome associations at metaphase I was 19.57-20.19 univalents and 0.40-0.86 rod bivalents. The fertility of the hybrids was restored by doubling their chromosome numbers by colchicine treatment and in vitro propagation. Selfed seeds were obtained from colchicine-doubled sectors and some callus regenerates. The seeds were mostly well formed and developed vigorous plants without embryo culture. Colchicine- and callus-derived amphiploids (2n = 6x = 42) resembled the F1 plants in overall morphology, but showed a lower tillering ability, broader leaves, thicker culms and larger spikes.
7

Attempts to transform the killer factor of yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae to amylotytic yeasts Schwanniomyces occidentalis

88%
Stobinska H., Drewicz E., Kregiel D., Oberman H.
Biotechnologia
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1997
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issue 1
158-166
EN
The fermentation yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae capable of producing killer factor type K2 and amylolytic yeasts Schwanniomyces occidentalis were used to obtain the somatic hybrids by means of fusion protoplasts according to Fournier.The obtained hybrids showed amylolytic and fermentation activity.They also were characterized by the ability to form spores and to biosynthesize the killer factor.Their stability was dependent on the composition of the cultivation medium.
8

Production and characterization of amphiploids of Aegilops kotschyi and Ae. biuncialis with Secale cereale, and of backcross hybrids of Ae. biuncialis ? S. cereale amphiploids with 2x and 4x S. cereale

75%
Wojciechowska B., Pudelska H.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2005
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vol. 46
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issue 2
157-161
EN
Amphiploids (2n = 6x = 42) of Ae. kotschyi and Ae. biuncialis with self-compatible S. cereale were produced from F1 sterile hybrids (2n = 3x = 21) through colchicine treatment and callus tissue regeneration. The amphiploids resembled the F1 plants in overall morphology, but were larger in all respects and self-fertile. The spikelets consisted mostly of 3 well-developed florets. Selfed seeds were obtained from some colchicine-doubled sectors and callus regenerates. Most of the produced seeds were well developed. Backcrosses between amphiploids and rye (2x and 4x) resulted in obtaining (Ae. biuncialis ? S. cereale amphiploid) ? S. cereale hybrids via embryo culture. The BC1 plants (2n = 4x = 28 and 2n = 5x = 35, respectively) were phenotypically intermediate between the parents and vigorous in vegetative growth. Some seeds were obtained only from the 35-chromosome BC1 hybrids.
9

Persistence of all-hybrid water frog popularions (Rana kl.esculenta) in northern Germany

75%
Berger L., Berger W. A.
Genetica Polonica
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1994
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vol. 35
|
issue 1-2
73-80
10

Application of pollen for studies on genetic diversity with the using of the Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) as example

75%
Sawicka-Sienkiewicz E., Augustyniak H., Pietkiewicz G., Bartkowiak S.
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EN
The cultivated American species Lupinus mutabilis was selected in order to assess its possibilities of being introduced as an alternative high protein crop in Polish conditions. The realized programme involved identification of earlier maturing and higher yielding genotypes as well as interspecific hybridization with lupins belonging to section Albus, which includes the oldest cultivated species Lupinus albus. Recent reports (1) on determination of DNA polymorphism by the PCR method indicate usefulness of direct application of small amounts of pollen. The advantage of this method is the precisely determined and physiologically stable material used for the analysis. Furthermore, pollen can be preserved above the hygroscopic substance at ?20oC for a long time and small amounts of pollen (20-100 grains) can be used for the analysis without any damage to the plant material. For PCR reaction, ten selected primers were used. A polyacrylamide gel comparison of the PCR products revealed that random primers as well as primers which amplified a fragment of the whole gene can be applied to analyse the DNA of polymorphism of L. mutabilis and L. albus. The conclusion is that it is possible to differentiate within both groups of species by application of pollen to DNA analysis.
11

Development of new cytoplasmic-genetic male-sterile lines in pigeonpea from crosses between Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.and C. scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars

75%
Kalaimagal T., Muthaiah A., Rajarathinam S., Malini S., Nadarajan N., Pechiammal I.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2008
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vol. 49
|
issue 3
221-227
EN
Exploitation of hybrid vigour is quite possible in cross-pollinated crops. However, pigeonpea is a grain legume crop with a moderate level of cross-pollination (20?70%), which is mainly aided by insect pollinators. As a first step, hybrids based on genetic male sterility (GMS) were developed in pigeonpea, but the hybrid seed production technique is not farmer-friendly, because in the hybrid seed production plot 50% of the population, which are male-fertile in the female rows, have to be eliminated in time before contamination. This requires skilled labour and is a time-consuming process, which increases the cost of hybrid seed production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop cytoplasmic-genetic male-sterile (CGMS) lines in pigeonpea through wide hybridization, which would be very suitable for hybrid seed production. Two CGMS lines, viz. CORG 990052 A and CORG 990047, were developed by interspecific hybridization of Cajanus cajan and C. scarabaeoides. Restorers were identified and three CGMS-based pigeonpea hybrids were developed. The hybrid COPH 3 is found to be promising in Tamil Nadu State, India.
12

Meiosis and fertility of reciprocal triploid hybrids of Lolium multiflorum with Festuca pratensis

75%
Naganowska B., Zwierzykowski Z. Z., Zwierzykowski Z., Zwierzykowska Z. E., Zwierzykowska E.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2001
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vol. 42
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issue 3
247-255
EN
Abstract. Diploid and tetraploid forms of Lolium multiflorum and Festuca pratensis were crossed under controlled conditions and after embryo rescue all four combinations of autoallotriploid hybrids were obtained. Male and female fertility and chromosome pairing at metaphase I of meiosis were studied in several plants from each hybrid combination. The hybrids with two genomes of L. multiflorum and one of F. pratensis (genomic formulae LmLmFp and FpLmLm) were male and female fertile while the hybrids with two genomes of F. pratensis and one of L. multiflorum had a reduced fertility (FpFpLm) or were completely sterile (LmFpFp). Chromosome pairing at metaphase I varied among hybrid combinations depending on their genomic composition. LmLmFp and FpLmLm hybrids had similar patterns of pairing (1.83I + 5.29II + 2.85III and 2.22I + 5.22II + 2.75III, respectively) but they differed from those of FpFpLm (3.65I + 4.65II + 2.68III) and especially from LmFpFp (4.78I + 5.87II + 1.49III). Conventional analysis of meiosis failed to explain the differences in chromosome behaviour and fertility/sterility levels between the autoallotriploid hybrids with two Lolium or two Festuca genomes.
13

Wide hybridization in the Triticeae involving Hordeum, Triricum, Triticale and Hordeum x Secale

75%
Wojciechowska B., Pudelska H.
Genetica Polonica
|
1994
|
vol. 35
|
issue 4
221-230
EN
Intergeneric hybridization was carried out between various accessions of Hordeum jubatum (4x) and cultivars of Triticum aestivum (6x) and Triticale (6x) as well as T.monococcum (2x) and between cultivars of Triticum aestivum (6x) and the hybrid (Horodeum jubatum 4x X Secale cereale 4x) in both directions.The hybrid progeny was obtained via embryo culture from crosses of H.jubatum x T.aestivum and T.aestivum x(H.jubtum 4x X S.cereale 4x).The hybrid of H.jubatum x T.aestivum was produced at the frequency of 1.7% in relation to pollinated florets and five hybrids of T.aestivum x (H.jubatum 4x x S.cereale 4x) from successful combinations were produced at the frequency of 2.00-4.88%.The hybrids exibited varitionin somatic chromosome number.In meiocytes of two T.aestivum x (H.jubatum 4x X S.cereale 4x) plants a high chromosome instability was also found.The chromosomes were associated mostly as univalents, but some pairings (0.03-3.50 per cell) mainly as rod bivalents were observed.
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