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1

Molecular targets for immunocontraception

100%
Stoyka B., Domagala A., Kurpisz M.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2003
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vol. 51
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issue 1
45-49
EN
An effective contraceptive is necessary in the countries where limiting population growth has become a public policy imperative. Main antigenic targets for contraceptive vaccine development can be listed as following: 1) sperm antigens; 2) zona pellucida antigens; 3) gonadotrophin-releasing hormone; 4) chorionic gonadotrophin; 5) other protein/peptide hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, luteinizing hormone ? releasing hormone); 6) gonadal steroid hormones. New techniques such as an application of monoclonal antibodies, hybridoma and DNA recombinant technologies became useful in search for contraceptive candidates. Current state of development of contraceptive vaccines based on specific antigenic targets and trials in animal/human models are presented in this article.
2

Changes in the content of major proteins and selected hormones in the blood serum of piglets during the early postnatal period

100%
Szymeczko R., Kapelanski W., Piotrowska A., Dybala J., Boguslawska-Tryk M., Burlikowska K., Hertig I., Sassek M., Pruszynska-Oszmalek E., Mackowiak P.
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EN
The aim of the study was to determine the changes in the content of major proteins, glucose and selected hormones in the blood of piglets during the first 7 days of neonatal life. The study involved an entire litter of eight newborn piglets of F1 hybrids (Polish White Large x Polish Landrace) delivered from one sow in the second gestation. In blood samples collected directly after parturition (before colostrumintake), in the 12th, 24th and 48th hour and in 7th day of life, the content of total protein and its fractions, glucose concentration and the level of insulin, T3 (total and free), T4 (total and free), leptin, resistin and ghrelin (total and active) was determined. In the blood serum of newborn piglets a low content of total protein, albumins, gamma globulins and a high share of alpha- and beta globulins was found. In the 12th hour of life, after colostrum intake, a significant (P<0.05) increase in the content of total protein, albumins, beta-globulins and a rapid increase of gamma globulins as well as decrease of alpha-globulins level were observed. In the consecutive periods of postnatal life a significant (P<0.05) decrease of total protein, beta- and gamma globulins as well as a steady increase in the content of albumins in the blood serumof piglets was observed. The content of glucose, insulin, leptin, resistin and ghrelin in the blood serum of neonates increased significantly (P<0.05) after colostrum intake. During the successive experimental periods a progressive increase (P<0.05) of glucose and T3 as well as systematic decrease of insulin, T4, ghrelin and resistin in the blood serum was observed as compared to the 12th hour of life.
3
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Neuroendocrine response during stress with relation to gender differences

100%
Jezova D., Jurankova R., Mosnarova A., Kriska M., SDkultetytova I.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1996
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vol. 56
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issue 3
779-785
EN
Neuroendocrine activation belongs to the main characteristics of the stress response.This response is not uniform but depends on the stress stimuli involved and on many other factors including the gender of the individual.In rats, corticosterone and ACTH levels as well as functional activity of the hypothalmo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis are higher in females compared to males under both basal and stress conditions.Marked sex differences were observed in stress-induced changes in posterior pituitary hormone release.In male rats, release of vasopressin is not stimulated during stress conditions without an osmotic component while in female rats a rise in plasma vasopressin levels was observed even after short immobilization.Oxytocin release is enhanced in response to the majority of stress stimuli and it was found to be greater in females than in males.Mentioned gender differences are attributed to the effect of sex steriods, particularly those of estrogens.Not enough information is available on gender differences in neuroendocrine response during stress in humans.We observed a greater neutroendocrine activation in women than in men in response to heat exposure in sauna with pronounced differences in ACTH and prolactin release and partly also after a cold-pressor test.Understanding of gender differences in neuroendocrine response during stress might contribute to the explanation of the development of some emotional and other disorders with higher incidence in women.
4

Cholecystokinin hormone and neuromodulator

88%
Zdrojewicz Z., Sztuka-Pietkiewicz A., Pietkiewicz W.
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vol. 55
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issue 3
407-418
EN
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a polipeptyde having many functions in digestive system (regulating motor activity and secretion) and acting as a neuromodulator in central and peripheral nervous systems. Recent research shows that CCK increases insulin and glukagon secretion and activates hypothalamo- pituitary- adrenal axis. It also plays a role in cardiovascular system (CCK has a positive inotropic effect). The aim of this study is to show some recent knowledge in the subject of CCK structure and its function in human body.
5

Immune-endocrine interactions of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis: integration, communication and homeostasis

75%
Armstrong M. D., Klein J. R.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2001
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vol. 49
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issue 3
231-237
EN
The immune and neuroendocrine systems are two essential physiological components of mammalian organisms. Although each is primarily committed to a set of tasks involved, on the one hand, in the protection from infection and disease, and on the other hand, in the regulation of metabolism and other physiological activities, there is also evidence indicating that active and dynamic collaborations exist between those systems in the execution of their designated functions. These interactions occur at many stages of embryonic and neonatal development, and they are a continual part of the normal homeostatic balance needed to maintain health. The present review discusses various historical and contemporary perspectives of immune-endocrine interactions involving the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, and offers a hypothesis of how this aspect of the neuroendocrine system participates directly in the immune response to antigenic challenge, infection and disease.
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