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Estimating fan and pad greenhouse reference evapotranspiration using FAO-56 - Penman-Monteith and a simplified heat transfer approach for predicting internal temperature

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Gaafer A. M. E. A., Mohammed H. I.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2024
|
vol. 53
140-151
EN
ABSTRACT The recent increase in off-season crop cultivation in greenhouses requires prediction of crop reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to quantify size of irrigation equipments and water scheduling. Currently, estimating the reference crop evapotranspiration for a greenhouse crop is based on the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith formula which requires large set of external greenhouse input climatic data that is not usually available. Moreover, the prediction of ETo is difficult because the wind speed inside a greenhouse is low or approximate zero and the external greenhouses climate data differ markedly from inner greenhouse data. In order to calculate ETo from inside greenhouse a Penman-Monteith modified and simplified procedure was proposed as main objective of this study. The procedure is based on two steps that are to use the heat transfer approach to predict inside the greenhouses temperature, and secondly to employ the predicted temperature data to estimate ETo as suggested by FAO – irrigation and drainage paper 56. However, the relative humidity and radiation are to be estimated from data on temperature differences. The model was validated using meteorological data measured within Quonset type (20 × 9 × 3) greenhouse in Shambat - Khartoum North area in 2022. Prediction of temperature by heat transfer model was verified with greenhouse data reported by Hadi and Ahmad (2019). The model statistical verification shows that the fitted value of the model agreed with the calculated value by the formulas. The model was applied with data collected in nine houses located in three sites in Khartoum North for three seasons. The results indicated the possibility of using the proposed procedure to predict ETo for design and operation purposes for erecting new greenhouse in a new area because less meteorological factors are needed.
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