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Physical Activity Measurement By SWA in Employees: Weekdays And Weekend

100%
Can S., Karaca A., Arslan E., Biernat E.
Physical Activity Review
|
2017
|
vol. 5
167-175
EN
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to identify the levels of physical activity level during the weekdays and weekend both female and male employees. Method: A total of 58 volunteer employees participated in this study of which 20 were male (Mage 32.50 ± 8.82) and 38 were female (Mage 34.24 ± 6.25). Anthropometric measurements were performed after an overnight fast for each participant. After anthropometric measurements, daily physical activity levels were measured continuously with the Sense Wear Armband (BodyMedia, USA) monitor, worn on the dominant arm triceps muscle on free-living individuals for a during of seven days. Whether the number of steps, physical activity level (PAL) and inactivity time change depending on the days of the week and the gender was calculated in repetitive measurements with one-way analysis of variance. For globosity variance validity, Mauchly’s test was used. For the variables which cannot be replaced for globosity variance, Greenhouse-Geisser test was used. Results: According to daily step numbers, women are slight active and men are active (9479±3468; 11338±3297 step/day respectively) (p>0.05). Daily mean PAL is on sedentary/light level both for women and men (1.55±0.19; 1.61±0.28 kcal·kg-1·hr-1 respectively) (p>0.05). According to days of the week, a statistical difference was found between the daily step numbers in men and women (p<0.05). While there was a statistically significant difference in PAL averages among women (p<0.05), there was no statistical difference in men (p>0.05). While PAL value was the highest in weekdays and lowest on Sunday for both genders, the day with the longest inactivity time was found to be Sunday. Women`s daily mean inactivity time was founder to be longer than men (1264±69; 1205±107 min·day-1 respectively) (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both men and women take more than 10000 steps only in weekdays. PAL of both women and men in weekdays and weekend is at sedentary/light activity level. The most active days for both genders are in weekdays, while Sunday is the least active day.
2
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The Effects of Gender Differentials in Determining Access to Credit and Profitability among Dry Season Farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria

100%
Oyediji O., Ibitoye O. S., Oyetunji P. O.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2019
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vol. 24
157-177
EN
The study investigated the gender dimensions of access to credit and profitability among dry season farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria. Lack of finance was identified as one of the major problems facing rural farming households in Nigeria. This impedes their productivity and negatively affects their overall standard of living. The study was conducted at Odogbolu Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria. A multistage stage sampling technique was employed to select 200 respondents. The first stage was the purposive selection of a local government and the second is the random selection of two communities from the local government. The results from the study indicate that 54% of the farmers (of which 38% are male farmers) have access to credit, but that only 14.81% obtained credit from formal sources. The results also showed that there is a disparity between the incomes earned by male and female farmers. While farm size was identified to have a significant effect on profitability for both male and female farmers, access to credit was not significant and could be as a result of misappropriation of funds, lack of technical expertise, market inefficiencies, as well as inconsistent government policies. This study, therefore, recommends that the interest rates given to farmers should be reduce so as to encourage investment, and that government efforts and schemes should consider the inclusion of women so that the gender gap in productivity and income can be greatly reduced.
3
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Gender effect on vascular responsiveness after bariatric surgery

88%
Blum A., Tamir S., Hazzan D., Podvitzky O., Sirchan R., Keinan-Boker L., Ben-Shushan R., Geron N.
Open Medicine
|
2013
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vol. 8
|
issue 5
531-538
EN
Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, is associated with increased risks of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, coronary artery disease, stroke and mortality. Weight loss surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity, mainly because medical and dietary treatments have been proven insufficient in the long run. Our primary end point was to study the gender effect on vascular responsiveness (endothelial function and the ankle brachial index [ABI]) 3 months post bariatric surgery. Our secondary end points were to study the effect of gender on antropometric parameters (BMI, waist circumference) and chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus type II, arterial hypertension) 3 months following bariatric surgery, and to find independent variables that may affect and predict the post-operative clinical outcome. Methods: In this prospective study, patients were evaluated one day before surgery and 3 months afterwards. Ankle brachial index was measured while the patient was supine after 15 minutes rest and measurement of the systolic blood pressure in all four extremities was done. The brachial artery method was used to measure endothelial function expressed as flow mediated diameter percent change (FMD %). FMD% more than 10% is considered a normal response. Results: Compared with diabetic females, diabetic males had a higher postoperative BMI (men with diabetes mellitus did not lose weight as much as diabetic women) (β=-0.299; P=0.04), while women with diabetes mellitus had a more significant reduction in BMI postoperatively (β=+0.287; P=0.04). Following bariatric surgery, 12 of the 21 patients with diabetes mellitus type II did not need any medications for diabetes (kept HbA1c% less than 6.5%). All other diabetic patients improved their diabetes mellitus status. Women significantly improved their ABI (average increase of 0.07, p=0.04) and their endothelial function (FMD% change was improved from -3.5±9.0% to 14.8±8.1%, an improvement of 18.3%, p<0.001). Systolic blood pressure was decreased significantly (by 6.6 mmHg, p=0.04). Men improved their endothelial function (FMD% change was improved from -1.3±10.1% to 11.7±6.2%, p<0.001), but no significant change was observed in systolic blood pressure (p=0.29) nor in ABI (P=0.8). A linear regression analysis found that a higher baseline FMD% significantly predicted a higher postoperative FMD% (β=0.294, P=0.03). In obese males, the higher the baseline BMI the worse the post operative endothelial function (β=-0.921, Pd<0.001) and the same adverse effect was documented for hypertensive men (β=-0.380, P=0.05). For females, the higher the baseline FMD% the higher the postoperative FMD% (β=+0.397; P=0.01) [a favorable outcome]. Discussion: Our study has demonstrated a possible mechanistic insight into gender effects observed in epidemiological studies through improvement in vascular response in females undergoing this operation including a better reduction in systolic blood pressure and a better weight reduction in diabetic women with improvement in ABI; unlike males, who did not improve their ABI and did not decrease systolic blood pressure, and the finding that obese diabetic males and obese hypertensive males did the worst.
4

Standing on the ice: experiences of women national ice hockey players in Turkey

88%
Doğusan S. N., Koçak F.
Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research
|
2021
|
vol. 89
|
issue 1
45-54
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