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1

Production and application of doubled haploids in cereals

100%

Wedzony M.

Biotechnologia

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2001

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issue 1

51-62

EN

This paper provides an overview of the development of methods of cereals doubled haploid production over the last decade. The influence of genotype and albinism remain the main problem of androgenesis. Localisation of major genes influencing androgenic potential and manipulation with temperature during induction and regeneration offer possibilities of efficiency improvement. Isolated microspore culture in cereals is effective when microspores are co-cultured with sporophytic tissue. Gynogenic methods may be developed for some barley and apomictic wheat forms. Distant crosses that are followed by the elimination of chromosomes of the male parent from hybrid embryos are broadly applied. Maize and its relatives are used as effective pollinators of a wide range of cereal species since prezygotic barriers have not been found so far. Brief description of utilisation of doubled haploid lines in breeding programs, research and genetic transformation of cereals closes the overview.

2

In vitro gynogenesis as a method for haploid plant production

100%

Mol R.

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2003

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issue 3

52-61

EN

This paper reviews last three decades of work on in vitro cultures of unpollinated ovaries or ovules. During in vitro gynogenesis, plants are produced from embryos or callus tissue of haploid (parhtenogenetic or apogamic) origin. Thus, in vitro gynogenesis offers an efficient method for plant breeders who want to obtain haploid plants and homozygous lines. Stability of DH-lines and very limited albinism of regenerated plants are major advantages of the method. The limiting factors are genotype effects in particular species and relatively high labour compared to another or microspore cultures. Since 1976, the studies on in vitro gynogenesis have been performed in 27 species including many crops. Furthermore, gynogenetic haploids have been routinely used in breeding programmes for sugar beet, onion and rice. Because of labour expenses, cultures of unpollinated ovaries or ovules are usually chosen when no other efficient method is available for haploid production in a given species.

3

Chromosome doubling of gynogenic onion plants (Allium cepa L.)

88%

Nowak E.

Biotechnologia

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2001

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issue 1

134-138

EN

The objective of the present work was to develop a simple and reliable protocol for chromosome doubling in haploid onion plants. Research on gynogenic plants obtained from different genotypes of onion was carried out over two years. In the first year, diploidization was examined in vivo with 2.5 mM colchicine for 24 h. In the next year, in vitro tests using 0.25 mM and 1.25 mM colchicine or 1.00 muM and 5.00 muM trifluralin were carried out. Both antimitotic agents were applied for 72 h at 14?C or 23?C. The obtained results showed that colchicine applied in vivo caused twice as high loss of then plant material than diploidization at in vitro conditions. Antimitotic agents added to culture media decreased the plant capability to regenerate. Colchicine was found to be less toxic than trifluralin. The use of colchicine allowed for producing more diploids than trifluralin.

4

Haploidization of vegetable crops

51%

Michalik B.

Biotechnologia

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2001

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issue 1

73-80

EN

This review was prepared mainly on the basis of papers published after 1997. It describes the current knowledge on the use of gametic embryogenesis for haploid production in vegetable crops. Data on the results of research on androgenesis and gynogenesis are presented for different species, induction methods and factors affecting the efficiency of the processes.

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4 Biotechnologia

1 2003

3 2001

1 Michalik B.

1 Mol R.

1 Nowak E.

1 Wedzony M.

Production and application of doubled haploids in cereals

In vitro gynogenesis as a method for haploid plant production

Chromosome doubling of gynogenic onion plants (Allium cepa L.)

Haploidization of vegetable crops