In this study we microdissected the proximal part band Xq24 of the bovine X chromosome long arm, in which the Xist gene is located in cattle. The obtained DNA fragment was PCR amplified, labelled and used as a probe for cattle, sheep and goat chromosomes. In cattle, as expected, distinct hybridization signals were observed on Xq24. The painting signals were also observed on Xq24 in sheep and goat. The chromosome painting probes can be used for comparative mapping and searching for internal X chromosome rearrangements in Bovidea and may contribute to the understanding of mammalian sex chromosome evolution.
Polymorphism in the beta-LG gene in the Indian goat was investigated by the SDS-PAGE and PCR-RFLP method. SDS-PAGE was carried out in 1098 samples belonging to 8 different breeds of Indian goats. The electrophoretic pattern in the beta-LG locus showed the presence of AA and AB genotypes with frequencies of 0.81 and 0.19, 0.89 and 0.11, 0.50 and 0.50, 0.80 and 0.20, 0.84 and 0.16, 1.00 and 0.00, 0.98 and 0.02 and 0.950 and 0.050 in Jamunapari, Barbari, Marwari, Sirohi, Jakhrana, Beetal, Local UP and Local MP goats, respectively. A total of 358 individuals belonging to 13 different genetic groups were analyzed by the PCR-RFLP method. The amplified product was observed as 426 bp and the restriction digestion with SacII revealed three genotypes, namely S1S1, S1S2 and S2S2 at the ?-LG locus. The frequency of the S2S2 genotype ranged from 0.42 to 1.00 in the population. An analysis was carried out in Jamunapari and Barbari goats to observe the effect of the beta-LG genotype on 90-day milk yield. Least squares analysis of data showed that beta-LG AA animals had higher milk yield than the beta-LG AB genotype in both breeds (P < 0.01).
There are two principal applications of transgenic animals. Best known and most advanced application is to use transgenic animals (called bioreactors or molecular farms) for the production of various proteins or biopolymers of medical significance. The second application concerns efforts to improve the productivity traits of breeding animals. We have worked out methods which allow somatic cloning of mammals and gene knockout methods. These methods have been developing very rapidly in recent years and their efficiency will soon be improved to the extent that they will become profitable. For the time being, DNA microinjection with all its disadvantages, remains the principal method of producing transgenic bioreactors. In this paper, the effectiveness of production of transgenic rabbits, goats and pigs with the use of WAP-Fuc gene construct is presented.
Domestic goat as a species with a relatively great biodiversity of dairy breeds, which possess high genetic merit and yield of milk production, can be a valuable tool for embryo gene engineering. This involves the generation of transgenic specients, providing with xenogeneic (human) recombinant proteins (i.e. biopharmaceuticals), not only by the standard zygote intrapronuclear microinjection of gene constructs, but above all with the use of somatic cell cloning technology.
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