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1

Molecular cytogenetic evaluation of chromosome instability in Triticum aestivum?Secale cereale disomic addition lines

100%
Szakacs E., Molnar-Lang M.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2010
|
vol. 51
|
issue 2
149-152
EN
The genetic stability of wheat/rye ('Chinese Spring'/'Imperial') disomic addition lines was checked using the Feulgen method and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Feulgen staining detected varying proportions of disomic, monosomic, and telosomic plants among the progenies of the disomic addition lines. The greatest stability was observed for the 7R addition line, while the most unstable lines were those with 2R and 4R additions. Chromosome rearrangements were also detected using FISH. Based on the specific hybridization patterns of repetitive DNA probes pSc119.2 and (AAC)5, as well as ribosomal DNA probes (5S and 45S), isochromosomes were identified in the progenies of 1R and 4R addition lines. The results draw attention to the importance of continuous cytological checks on basic genetic materials by using FISH, because this method reveals chromosome rearrangements that could not be detected either with the conventional Feulgen staining technique or with molecular markers.
2

Cryopreservation - a tool for long-term storage of cells, tissues and organs from in vitro culture derived

100%
Mikula A., Rybczynski J. J.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
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issue 4
145-163
EN
Cryopreservation offers the possibility for long-term storage of genetic resources with maximal genotypic stability, using a minimum of space and maintenance. At present it is actively used all over the world for storage of plant material: seeds, pollen, spores, dormant buds or apical meristems in genebanks. The development of biotechnology led to the production of a new category of germplasm for cryostorage: in vitro obtain tissues, organs, embryos, special cell lines and genetically modified plant material. The maintenance of in vitro collections remains risky regarding losing accessions due to the contamination, human error or somaclonal variation. The classical slow cooling was the first standard protocol developed for hydrated plant tissues. This method is mainly used for cryopreservation of non-organized tissues, for example: cell suspensions and calli, or apices of cold-tolerant species. For differentiated structures, new cryopreservation techniques such as vitrification and encapsulation/dehydration procedures or droplet method are efficient and reliable. These freezing techniques have been successfully, routinely applied for cryopresevation of various plant material of temperate and tropical climate species. So far, cryopreservation procedures are developed for in vitro tissues and recalcitrant seeds of about 100 and 40 species, respectively.
3

Cryopreservation as a method to facilitate preservation of life capacity of plant cells and tissues

100%
Mikula A.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 2
41-57
EN
This paper presents a review of fundamental aspects of plant cryopreservation. Liquid nitrogen has several advantages over storage of vegetatively propagated material under normal low-temperature in vitro culture and could also help in preserving genetic biodiversity. Development of efficient cryopreservation protocols based on the induction of tolerance to freezing and/or desiccation is also discussed. Cold and/or preculture acclimatization leads to ultrastructural, physiological and molecular changes in cells and they are important for improving viability after cryopreservation. The application of vitrification-based procedures and ultra-fast freezing/thawing rates could be effective and reliable for wide variety of plant species/ tissues and relatively genotype independent. Majority of papers demonstrate that the liquid nitrogen allows high viability rates and re-growth without a loss of biosynthetic capacity. Up to now, there has been no clear evidence of morphological, cytological or genetic alterations due to cryopreservation.
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