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1

Genetic basis of neural tube defects. I. Regulatory genes for the neurulation process

100%
Gos M., Szpecht-Potocka A.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2002
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vol. 43
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issue 3
343-350
EN
Neural tube defects (NTD) together with cardiovascular system defects are the most common malformations in the Polish population (2.05-2.68/1000 newborns). They arise during early embryogenesis and are caused by an improper neural groove closure during the neurulation process. NTD can arise from the influence of specific environmental factors on the foetus. The genetic factor is also very important, because NTDs have multigenetic conditioning. It was suggested that genes connected with the regulation of neurulation could also be involved in NTD aetiology, especially when their deletion or modification leads to neural tube defects in the mouse model. Examples are genes from the PAX family, T (Brachyury), BRCA1 and PDGFRA genes.
2

Sense and nonsense from whole genome microarray data in the analysis of microbial physiology

100%
Overton T. W., Whitehead R., Li Y., Griffiths L., Cole J.
Biotechnologia
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2008
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issue 1
15-30
EN
The arrival of the post-genomic era has allowed the regulation of every gene or protein of an organism to be studied at once using microarrays for transcriptomic studies, proteomics to analyse gene products, and metabolomics to study the complete complement of products and intermediary metabolites produced by a single person or a single organism. Too often the results of such enterprises are disappointing either because many of the products cannot be identified, or because they are products of genes of unknown function. Success is far more likely to be achieved if the organism to be exploited is thoroughly understood at the levels of genome organisation, regulation, physiology and biochemistry. Typical questions asked in biotechnology and the biopharmaceutical industries include what genes are expressed ? or not expressed ? when recombinant protein production is induced: can they be manipulated to provide a more productive host; and how do successful pathogens survive in the human body when exposed to oxygen starvation or chemical attack by host defence mechanisms. Examples are given of how whole genome microarray data can reveal mechanisms used by bacteria to survive when they are starved of oxygen; what genes are turned on in response to host defence mechanisms such as nitrosative attack; and how pathogens repair damage inflicted by the host defence mechanisms. Striking similarities and fascinating differences are revealed between two major groups of pathogenic bacteria: enteric bacteria that are able to adapt to life both inside and outside an animal host, and the obligate human pathogen, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Proteins are identified that provide possible targets for biopharmaceutical intervention, and hence illustrate the potential value of whole-genome transcriptomic approaches to biotechnology.
3

Profiling of regulatory microRNA transcriptomes in various biological processes: a review

88%
Shah A. A., Meese E., Blin N.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 4
501-507
EN
A class of small, non-coding ribonucleic acids, termed microRNA (miRNA), has recently emerged as a new key player in the cellular control of gene expression. By either blocking translation or inducing target mRNA degradation, miRNA not only participates in regular biological processes within cells and tissues but is also involved in pathological processes. Many human malignancies have been linked to specific miRNA expression patterns, raising hopes for new approaches to therapy. While such human disease-related mechanisms have been widely discussed and frequently reviewed, miRNA's general significance in animals has been less in editorial focus, despite its obvious role in basic physiological processes, e.g. neurosensory maturation, development of fertility, and hibernation. Using selected examples, this review highlights our current knowledge of miRNA's potential and its promise as a new tool for gene regulation.
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