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Drug use in Ghana: knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes in a small group of elite student sportspersons

100%
Brown A. A., Asare Pereko K. K., Eliason S.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2013
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vol. 5
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issue 1
1-5
EN
Study aim: This study assessed the level of knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of tertiary student athletes on doping issues. Emphasis was placed on the knowledge of substances found on the prohibited list of the World Anti- Doping Agency (WADA) as well as the potential effects and side effects of the drugs when consumed. Material and methods: The study was conducted in elite tertiary student sportspersons who had qualified in their various disciplines to represent Ghana at the 2011 World University Games in Shenzhen, China. Results: The study found that these sportspersons had significantly higher levels of knowledge of socially abused drugs that also appeared on the WADA prohibited list, such as cocaine (90.9%, p<0.01), heroine (90.9%, p<0.01), cannabis (87.9%, p<0.01) and steroids (72.7%, p<0.05), as compared to drugs that are not socially abused. There was also a large gap in knowledge among respondents with regard to specific knowledge about the possible effects and side effects of banned substance. Of these sportspersons, 30% had received some form of education on doping agents; however, there was no significant statistical difference in knowledge between respondents that had received some form of education and those that had not. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that sporting authorities would have to intensify their efforts to provide tertiary school athletes with credible and up-to-date information on doping issues. These interventions may also need to be extended to the wider sporting populace.
2
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Severe hiccups associated with intra-articular corticosteroid injection - A case report

100%
Solun B., Ori Y.
Open Medicine
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2012
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vol. 7
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issue 1
63-65
EN
A hiccup is a sudden contraction of the inspiratory and diaphragmatic muscles followed by an abrupt closure of the glottis; that produces a characteristic noise resulting from vibrations of the vocal cords. Brief episodes of hiccups are common in humans at all stages of life and are usually benign. Prolonged attacks that last for days or weeks are considered a more serious phenomenon and may indicate an underlying disorder warranting a comprehensive medical evaluation. These attacks have been associated with significant burden and morbidity. The most common triggers for acute hiccups are linked with gastro-intestinal causes, such as the gastric distension that occurs after an abundant meal, or with gastroesophageal disease. Sudden changes in temperature, excessive alcohol consumption, as well as excitement or emotional stress, may also set off acute hiccups. Certain drugs, including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and many others, have been reported to induce hiccups. Drug-induced hiccups are diagnosed by exclusion of other causes and represent a very unusual side-effect of drugs like corticosteroids. We present a case of hiccups associated with intra-articular Diprospan (Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate) administration.
3
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A review on drug-diet interaction

100%
Adio W. S., Ogunwole A. C., Mary F. I.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2022
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vol. 43
108-125
EN
Food-drug interactions can have a significant impact on the efficacy of pharmacological treatment and the adverse effect profiles of many treatments. Interactions are not necessarily harmful to therapy, but they can be employed to promote drug absorption or reduce side effects in some circumstances. Drug interactions with grapefruit juice, in particular, have gotten a lot of attention recently. As new drugs are approved at a faster rate, there is less information accessible concerning their side effects and interactions once they hit the market. The use of herbal medicines and dietary supplements is a second source of worry. These items are not subjected to rigorous testing and may contain little or no of the ingredient listed on the label. Some of the herbs utilized have the potential to interact negatively with prescription medications. Mahuang (ephedra) and fever few are two noteworthy examples. Mahuang is a stimulant that can lead to hypertension in those who are on monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Fever fever has anticoagulant qualities that can help warfarin work better. The majority of food-drug interactions occur due to one of three mechanisms: decreased absorption rate or extent, enhanced absorption rate or extent, or chemical/pharmacologic effects. Acid-labile medicines, such as penicillin G, ampicillin, and dicloxacillin, are destroyed when there is an increase in stomach acid. In other circumstances, dietary components like calcium or iron may create compounds with the medicine that make it harder to absorb. Tetracycline, sodium fluoride, and ciprofloxacin are some examples. Food, calcium, and practically everything, including orange juice and coffee, interfere with lendronate absorption. The exact process through which food interferes with absorption is unknown in many circumstances. The area under the curve (AUC) may be comparable regardless of how the drug is administered; delayed absorption does not always diminish total overall exposure to the drug.
4
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Sensitive and fast determination of papaverine by adsorptive stripping voltammetry on renewable mercury film electrode

88%
Piech R., Paczosa-Bator B.
|
EN
The renewable mercury film electrode, applied for the determination of papaverine traces using differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DP AdSV) is presented. The calibration graph obtained for papaverine is linear from 1.25 nM (0.42 µg L−1) to 95 nM (32.2 µg L−1) for a preconcentration time of 60 s, with correlation coefficient of 0.998. For the renewable mercury electrode (Hg(Ag)FE) with a surface area of 9.1 mm2 the detection limit for a preconcentration time of 60 s is 0.7 nM (0.24 µg L−1). The repeatability of the method at a concentration level of the analyte as low as 17 µg L−1, expressed as RSD is 3.3% (n=5). The proposed method was successfully applied and validated by studying the recovery of papaverine from drugs, urine and synthetic solution. [...]
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