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Natural Flood Management: A restatement of the Natural Science Evidence

100%
Ganiron Jr. T. U.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2017
|
vol. 12
92-106
EN
Flood events often have severe socio-economic impacts, such as loss of lives and livelihoods, food, water and energy scarcity, and adverse impacts on human health and the environment. As far as feasible, human interference into the processes of nature should be reversed, compensated and, in the future, prevented. This study explores the possible solutions for the drainage system to ensure peak performance that might be adopted in España Boulevard, Manila. It aims to describe the wastewater management system to prevent and protect the adverse impact of flood events on human health and safety, on valuable goods and property, and on the aquatic and terrestrial environment.
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Pancreatic cysts: etiology, diagnosis and management

84%
Jabłońska B.
Open Medicine
|
2014
|
vol. 9
|
issue 1
92-107
EN
Pancreatic cysts involve a wide spectrum of pathologies from post-inflammatory cysts to malignant neoplasms. Pancreatic pseudocysts, serous cystadenomas, mucinous cystadenomas, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and solid pseudopapillary tumors occur most frequently. Differential diagnosis involves the following imaging investigations: transabdominal ultrasonography (TUS), contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancretography (MRCP), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancretography (ERCP). The cyst fluid cytology is performed in difficult differential diagnosis between pseudocysts and benign and potentially malignant or malignant tumors. Most frequently, viscosity, amylase, CEA and CA 19-9 levels are determined. Imaging findings should be correlated with cytology. The management depends on the cyst type and size. Small asymptomatic pseudocysts, serous cystadenomas and branchduct IPMNs should be carefully observed, whereas symptomatic large or uncertain serous cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas, mucinous cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas, main-duct IPMNs and large branch-duct IPMNs with malignant features, serous and mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, and solid pseudopapillary tumors require surgery. Pseudocysts are usually drained. Percutaneous / EUS-guided or surgical cyst drainage can be performed. Complicated and uncertain pseudocysts and cystic tumors need surgical resection. The type of surgery depends on cyst location and size and includes proximal, central, distal, total pancreatectomies and enucleation.
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