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Glassy carbon and boron doped glassy carbon electrodes for voltammetric determination of linuron herbicide in the selected samples

100%
Đorđević J., Kalijadis A., Kumrić K., Jovanović Z., Laušević Z., Trtić-Petrović T.
Open Chemistry
|
2012
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vol. 10
|
issue 4
1271-1279
EN
In this study the application of home-made unmodified (GC) and bulk modified boron doped glassy carbon (GCB) electrodes for the voltammetric determination of the linuron was investigated. The electrodes were synthesized with a moderate temperature treatment (1000°C). Obtained results were compared with the electrochemical determination of the linuron using a commercial glassy carbon electrode (GC-Metrohm). The peak potential (E p ) of linuron oxidation in 0.1 mol dm−3 H2SO4 as electrolyte was similar for all applied electrodes: 1.31, 1.34 and 1.28 V for GCB, GC and GC-Metrohm electrodes, respectively. Potential of linuron oxidation and current density depend on the pH of supporting electrolyte. Applying GCB and GC-Metrohm electrodes the most intensive electrochemical response for linuron was obtained in strongly acidic solution (0.1 mol dm−3 H2SO4). Applying the boron doped glassy carbon electrode the broadest linear range (0.005–0.1 µmol cm−3) for the linuron determination was obtained. The results of voltammetric determination of the linuron in spiked water samples showed good correlation between added and found amounts of linuron and also are in good agreement with the results obtained by HPLC-UV method. This appears to be the first application of a boron doped glassy carbon electrode for voltammetric determination of the environmental important compounds. [...]
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Voltammetric determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic and uric acids using partial least squares regression: determination of dopamine in human urine and plasma

100%
Bahram M., Farhadi K., Arjmand F.
Open Chemistry
|
2009
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vol. 7
|
issue 3
524-531
EN
A new differential pulse voltammetric method for dopamine determination at a bare glassy carbon electrode has been developed. Dopamine, ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) usually coexist in physiological samples. Because AA and UA can be oxidized at potentials close to that of DA it is difficult to determine dopamine electrochemically, although resolution can be achieved using modified electrodes. Additionally, oxidized dopamine mediates AA oxidation and the electrode surface can be easily fouled by the AA oxidation product. In this work a chemometrics strategy, partial least squares (PLS) regression, has been applied to determine dopamine in the presence of AA and UA without electrode modification. The method is based on the electrooxidation of dopamine at a glassy carbon electrode in pH 7 phosphate buffer. The dopamine calibration curve was linear over the range of 1–313 μM and the limit of detection was 0.25 μM. The relative standard error (RSE %) was 5.28%. The method has been successfully applied to the measurement of dopamine in human plasma and urine. [...]
3
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Bismuth and Bismuth-Chitosan modified electrodes for determination of two synthetic food colorants by net analyte signal standard addition method

88%
Asadpour-Zeynali K., Mollarasouli F.
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|
issue 6
711-718
EN
In this paper, an electrochemical application of bismuth film modified glassy carbon electrode for azo-colorants determination was investigated. Bismuth-film electrode (BiFE) was prepared by ex-situ depositing of bismuth onto glassy carbon electrode. The plating potential was −0.78 V (vs. SCE) in a solution of 0.15 mg mL−1 Bi(III) and 0.05 mg mL−1 KBr for 180 s. In the next step, a thin film of chitosan was deposited on the surface of bismuth modified glassy carbon electrode, thus the bismuth-chitosan thin film modified glassy carbon electrode (Bi-CHIT/GCE) was fabricated and compared with bare GCE and bismuth modified GCE. Azo-colorants such as Sunset Yellow and Carmoisine were determined on these electrodes by differential pulse voltammetry. Due to overlapping peaks of Sunset Yellow and Carmoisine, simultaneous determination of them is not possible, so net analyte signal standard addition method (NASSAM) was used for this determination. The results showed that coated chitosan can enhance the bismuth film sensitivity, improve the mechanical stability without caused contamination of surface electrode. The Bi-CHIT/GC electrode behaved linearly to Sunset Yellow and Carmoisine in the concentration range of 5×10−6 to 2.38×10−4 M and 1×10−6 to 0.41×10−4 M with a detection limit of 10 µM (4.52 µg mL−1) and 10 µM (5.47 µg mL−1), respectively
4
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Voltammetric and amperometric determination of metoclopramide on boron-doped diamond film electrode

88%
Dejmkova H., Dag C., Barek J., Zima J.
Open Chemistry
|
2012
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vol. 10
|
issue 4
1310-1317
EN
New methods for the determination of metoclopramide, antiemetic and gastroprokinetic pharmaceutical, were developed, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and flow injection analysis (FIA) with amperometric detection on a boron-doped diamond film electrode. Electrode pretreatment necessary to ensure the stable results was investigated and it was found, that while DPV requires frequent electrode cleaning, FIA with a sufficiently high flow rate can maintain a stable signal with no signs of electrode passivation. The calculated quantification limits of the DPV and FIA with amperometric detection were 0.13 μmol L−1 and 0.015 mmol L−1, respectively. The applicability of the new methods was verified by the determination of metoclopramide in a pharmaceutical preparation. FIA with amperometic detection proved to be sensitive, accurate and, due to the resistance of the electrode to the passivation, also simple to handle. [...]
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