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1

Stem cells in nephrology: present status and future

100%

Watorek E., Klinger M.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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2006

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vol. 54

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issue 1

45-50

EN

Stem cell biology is currently developing rapidly because of the potential therapeutic utility of stem cells. The ability to acquire any desired phenotype raises hope for regenerative therapies. Manipulation of these cells is a potentially valuable tool; however, the mechanisms of stem cell differentiation and plasticity are currently beyond our control. In the field of nephrology, the presence of adult kidney stem cells has been debated. Renal adult stem cells may be descendants of some early kidney progenitors or may be derived from bone marrow. Evidence of a hematopoietic stem-cell contribution to renal repair encourages the possibility of bone marrow or stem cell transplantation as a means of treating autoimmune glomerulopathies. The transplantation of fetal kidney tissue containing renal progenitors which then develop into functional nephrons is a step towards renal regeneration. According to recent reports, the development of functional nephrons from human mesenchymal stem cells in rodent whole-embryo culture is possible. Establishing in vitro self organs from autologous stem cells would be a promising therapeutic solution in light of the shortage of allogenic organs and the unresolved problem of chronic allograft rejection.

2

CD45 in memory and disease

100%

Tchilian E. Z., Beverley P. C. L.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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2002

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vol. 50

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issue 2

85-94

EN

CD45 (the leukocyte common antigen) is known to function as a tyrosine phosphatase in leucocyte signalling. Biochemical studies indicate that CD45 is involved in the regulation both of T cell receptor-associated kinases and Janus kinases that transmit signals from cytokine receptors. However the function of the different isoforms of CD45 generated by complex alternative splicing, and indeed the role of the whole extracellular domain of the molecule, remain mysterious. Analysis of CD45 knockouts and of transgenic mice expressing single CD45 isoforms, as well as the disease associations of human polymorphisms, is providing new insights into CD45 function. Accumulating data from these genetic and biochemical studies promises to elucidate the role of high and low molecular weight isoforms of CD45 in the function of na?ve and memory T lymphocytes.

3

Analyses of air samples for ascospores of Leptosphaeria maculans and L.biglobosa by light microscopy and molecular techniques

100%

Kaczmarek J., Jedryczka M., Fitt B. D. L., Lucas J. A., Latunde-Dada A. O.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2009

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vol. 50

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issue 4

411-419

EN

Spores of many fungal pathogens are dispersed by wind. Detection of these airborne inocula is important in forecasting both the onset and the risk of epiphytotics. Species-specific primers targeted at the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa ? the causal organisms of phoma stem canker and stem lesions of Brassica spp., including oilseed rape ? were used to detect DNA extracted from particles deposited on tapes obtained from a spore trap operated in Rarwino (northwest Poland) from September to November in 2004 and 2006. The quantities of DNA assessed by traditional end-point PCR and quantitative real-time PCR were compared to microscopic counts of airborne ascospores. Results of this study showed that fluctuations in timing of ascospore release corresponded to the dynamics of combined concentrations of DNA from L. maculans and L. biglobosa, with significant positive correlations between ascospore number and DNA yield. Thus the utilization of PCR-based molecular diagnostic techniques enabled the detection, identification, and accurate quantification of airborne inoculum at the species level. Moreover, real-time PCR was more sensitive than traditional PCR, especially in years with low ascospore numbers.

4

Mouse Ly-6 proteins and their extended family: markers of cell differentiation and regulators of cell signaling

88%

Bamezai A.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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2004

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vol. 52

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issue 4

255-266

EN

The Ly-6 locus on mouse chromosome 15 encodes a family of 10?12 kDa proteins that are linked to the cell surface by a glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol anchor and have cell signaling and cell adhesion properties. Expression of Ly-6 proteins is tightly regulated during development; these proteins continue to serve as excellent differentiation surface markers on normal and abnormal cells, but their role in driving cellular differentiation is still emerging. Recent studies suggest that Ly-6 gene products participate in regulating signaling through other cell type-specific receptors, perhaps by virtue of these proteins being localized in lipid rafts that play a key role in relaying signals from the membrane to the nucleus. Ligands for some Ly-6 proteins have been reported; the consequence of their interactions with the Ly-6 receptor remains to be fully uncovered. Mouse Ly-6-like proteins have also been reported from a variety of life forms ranging from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans that show a limited amino acid identity and share structural features with members of mouse Ly-6. Despite these similarities, the non-murine Ly-6 proteins bind distinct ligands and appear to have different cellular functions. All members of the Ly-6 super gene family perhaps evolved from an ancestral gene by a gene duplication mechanism.

5

Genetic studies on collar rot resistance in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)

75%

Trivedi M., Dhawan O. P., Tiwari R. K., Sattar A.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2005

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vol. 46

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issue 3

279-284

EN

The collar rot disease has been reported recently and occurs at the 10-12-leaf stage of plants of opium poppy. Infected plants topple down and dry prematurely due to fast rotting at the collar region. The inoculum for this study was multiplied on the cornmeal-sand cuture. Genetic ratios were calculated by the ?2 test. Inheritance studies on this disease show a monogenic pattern of segregation with the ratio of 3 : 1 at F2, 1 : 2 : 1 at F3 and 1 : 1 at the backcross. Such genetic ratios clearly indicate that a single ressisive gene (rs-1) is responsible for disease resistance in opium poppy. The infrenece drawn on the basis of the present study will be a great help in the future breeding programme of opium poppy for collar rot resistance.

6

The dog genome map and its use in mammalian comparative genomics

75%

Switonski M., Szczerbal I., Nowacka J.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2004

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vol. 45

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issue 2

195-214

EN

The dog genome organization was extensively studied in the last ten years. The most important achievements are the well-developed marker genome maps, including over 3200 marker loci, and a survey of the DNA genome sequence. This knowledge, along with the most advanced map of the human genome, turned out to be very useful in comparative genomic studies. On the one hand, it has promoted the development of marker genome maps of other species of the family Canidae (red fox, arctic fox, Chinese raccoon dog) as well as studies on the evolution of their karyotype. But the most important approach is the comparative analysis of human and canine hereditary diseases. At present, causative gene mutations are known for 30 canine hereditary diseases. A majority of them have human counterparts with similar clinical and molecular features. Studies on identification of genes having a major impact on some multifactorial diseases (hip dysplasia, epilepsy) and cancers (multifocal renal cystadenocarcinoma and nodular dermatofibrosis) are advanced. Very promising are the results of gene therapy for certain canine monogenic diseases (haemophilia, hereditary retinal dystrophy, mucopolysaccharidosis), which have human equivalents. The above-mentioned examples prove a very important model role of the dog in studies of human genetic diseases. On the other hand, the identification of gene mutations responsible for hereditary diseases has a substantial impact on breeding strategy in the dog.

7

Surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D in human health and dis

75%

Kishore U., Lopez B. A., Kamran M. F., Saxena S., Singh M., Sarma P. U., Madan T., Chakraborty T.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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2005

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vol. 53

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issue 5

399-417

EN

Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are lung surfactant-associated hydrophilic proteins which have been implicated in surfactant homeostasis and pulmonary innate immunity. They are collagen-containing C-type (calcium-dependent) lectins, called collectins, and are structurally similar to mannose-binding protein of the lectin pathway of the complement system. Being carbohydrate pattern-recognition molecules, they recognize a broad spectrum of pathogens and allergens via the lectin domain, with subsequent activation of immune cells via the collagen region, thus offering protection against infection and allergenic challenge. SP-A and SP-D have been shown to be involved in viral neutralization, clearance of bacteria, fungi, and apoptotic and necrotic cells, the down-regulation of allergic reaction, and the resolution of inflammation. Studies on single-nucleotide polymorphism, protein levels in broncho-alveolar lavage, and gene knock-out mice have clearly indicated an association between SP-A and SP-D and a range of pulmonary diseases. In addition, recent studies using murine models of allergy and infection have raised the possibility that the recombinant forms of SP-A and SP-D may have therapeutic potential in controlling pulmonary infection, inflammation, and allergies in humans.

Refine search results

Stem cells in nephrology: present status and future

CD45 in memory and disease

Analyses of air samples for ascospores of Leptosphaeria maculans and L.biglobosa by light microscopy and molecular techniques

Mouse Ly-6 proteins and their extended family: markers of cell differentiation and regulators of cell signaling

Genetic studies on collar rot resistance in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)

The dog genome map and its use in mammalian comparative genomics

Surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D in human health and dis