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An integrated model based on the QEEG index, age and cognitive function for cortisol level estimation in elderly people

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Sroykham W., Wongsawat Y.
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vol. 17(2)
167-177
EN
Cortisol is known to be correlated with cognition, aging, and quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG), although these factors have not yet been reported. This study aimed to evaluate an integrated model for estimating cortisol levels in elderly people. Sixty-four participants were included. Saliva cortisol levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cognitive function was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). EEG recording was performed during the eyes-opened resting state condition. QEEG in five frequency bands and ten ratios were analyzed. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to estimate cortisol levels based on the QEEG index, age and cognitive function. The first model using the QEEG index estimated cortisol levels with an accuracy of 15.4%. The second model based on the QEEG index and age estimated cortisol levels with an accuracy of 24.3%. The third model based on the QEEG index and cognitive impairment estimated cortisol levels with an accuracy of 20.2%. The fourth model yielded the best results, estimating cortisol levels with an accuracy of 30.8%; this model was based on age, delayed recall and the QEEG index of the beta/high beta band at the central region and the delta/beta band at the left temporal region An integrated model of the QEEG index, age and delayed recall can be used to estimate cortisol levels in elderly people, which could be possibly used to predict physiological and psychiatric changes in humans.
2
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Serum levels of cortisol and prolactin in patients treated under total intravenous anesthesia with propofol-fentanyl and under balanced anesthesia with isoflurane-fentanyl

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Mujagić Z., Čičko E., Vegar-Brozović V., Prašo M.
Open Medicine
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2008
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vol. 3
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issue 4
459-463
EN
The study was designed to determine pre-, intra-and postoperative serum cortisol and prolactin (PRL) concentrations in patients subjected to low abdominal surgery under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol-fentanyl, and under general balanced anesthesia with isoflurane-fentanyl. The prospective study included 50 patients of both sexes, aged between 35 and 60 years, subjected to elective low abdominal surgery. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group, consisting of 25 ASA I/II (American Society of Anesthesiologists I/II classification) patients treated under TIVA with propofol-fentanyl, and a control group consisting of 25 ASA I/II patients treated under balanced anesthesia with isoflurane-fentanyl. The length of the surgery and the degree of the surgical trauma did not differ significantly between the two anesthesia groups. Blood samples for cortisol and PRL measurements were drawn at exact time points: 30 minutes before the beginning of the surgery (T0), 30 minutes after the beginning of the surgery (T1), at the end of the surgery (T2), 2 hours after the surgery (T3), and 24 hours after the surgery (T4). Serum levels of cortisol and PRL were measured using commercially available kits. The results were evaluated with the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. The serum concentration of cortisol measured at T1 time point in patients treated under TIVA was significantly lower (p=0.04) than that in patients treated under general balanced anesthesia. The average circulating levels of PRL measured at T1, T2 and T3 time points in patients treated under TIVA were significantly lower (p=0.003; p=0.002; p<0.05; respectively) than those in patients treated under balanced anesthesia. The results obtained suggest that the endocrine stress response developed in response to surgery is probably attenuated in patients treated under TIVA with propofol-fentanyl and, thus, that these patients are less stressed in comparison to patients treated under general balanced anesthesia with isoflurane-fentanyl.
3
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CORRELATION OF MORNING SALIVARY CORTISOL-MELATONIN RATIO WITH QEEG AND DELAYED RECALL IN AGING

100%
Sroykham W., Wongsawat Y.
Acta Neuropsychologica
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2018
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vol. 16(2)
177-188
EN
Melatonin and cortisol are the main hormones of the circadian rhythm, which effect cognitive decline during aging. An imbalance of circadian rhythm hormones serves as an early sign of the progress of age-related disease and brain pathology in aging. The aim of this study was to determine the cortisol-melatonin ratio in relation to brain activity and cognitive function in aging. Sixty-four aging subjects were recruited from the brain healthy project. The morning salivary of all subjects was collected for cortisol and melatonin levels analysis. The brain activity was recorded for 5 minutes in the eyes open condition and seven cognitive functions were assessed by the MoCA. The results were divided into a low ratio group and a high ratio group of cortisol-melatonin ratio. The low ratio group and the high ratio group differed in the delta-beta ratio at the left temporal lope (p < .05), and the delayed recall in the high ratio group was markedly higher than in the low ratio group. Moreover, the cortisol-melatonin ratio was strongly correlated with delayed recall (p < .05), the delta-beta ratio in the left temporal lope (p <.05), the theta alpha ratio in the left temporal lope (p < .05), and right temporal lope (p < .05). We found that a low cortisol-melatonin ratio corresponded to a high delta-beta ratio and a high thetaalpha ratio at the left temporal lobe with a low score of delayed recall function, but a high cortisol-melatonin ratio corresponded to a low delta-beta ratio and a low theta-alpha ratio at the left temporal lobe with a high score of delayed recall. The imbalance of the circadian hormone related to cognitive function and brain activity in aging could serve as a biomarker of age-related diseases.
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Fluoride bioavailability in saliva during acute psychological stress

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Naumova E., Sandulescu T., Benson S., Engler H., Schedlowski M., Zimmer S., Gaengler P., Thie M., Arnold W.
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2012
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vol. 7
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issue 4
481-489
EN
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of acute stress on salivary fluoride bioavailability. Acute psychological stress was induced using a standardized model of public speaking. The saliva of male subjects was collected before and after the public speaking task and immediately, 10, 30, and 120 minutes after tooth brushing according to the Bass method with a dentifrice containing amine fluoride (AmF) or oral hygiene tablets containing sodium fluoride (NaF). Subjective psychological responses to public speaking were evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Saliva cortisol levels were analyzed as an objective stress marker. The saliva secretion rate was measured both before and after public speaking. Saliva fluoride content was measured. Group comparisons were calculated using a univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). In all analyses, the alpha-level was set at 0.05. Public speaking significantly increased state anxiety (p<0.001) and salivary cortisol concentrations (p<0.001). Acute stress did not influence salivary secretion rates. In the AmF group, stressed individuals exhibited statistically significant (p=0.044) lower fluoride concentration in saliva compared with the nonstressed subjects Acute psychological stress reactions do not cause hyposalivation but decrease fluoride bioavailability after using a dentifrice containing AmF. Fluoride bioavailability during acute stress is dependent on fluoride formulation.
5
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Common variants of the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor genes may contribute to pregnancy-related anxiety: a pilot study

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Chistiakova N., Sergienko E., Savost’ianov K.
Open Medicine
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2013
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vol. 8
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issue 1
117-124
EN
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis overactivity is thought to contribute to increased vulnerability to maternal stress. We hypothesize that functionally relevant polymorphic variants of the glucocorticoid (NR3C1) and mineralocorticoid (NR3C2) receptor genes mediating biological effects of cortisol, a major stress hormone, could also modulate the capacity to cope with pregnancy-related anxiety. Genomic DNA from the blood of 42 women with pregnancy-related anxiety and 42 age-matched women with normal pregnancy (5–6th months of gestation) were genotyped for markers rs6195 and rs10482605 of NR3C1 and two NR3C2 polymorphisms (rs5522 and rs2070951) using a Taqman allele discrimination assay. Serum total cortisol was measured using an ELISA technique. The allele Ser363 of rs6195 (the N363S polymorphism of NR3C1) was found to be associated with a higher risk of maternal stress (odds ratio (OR)=5.27; P=0.001). For NR3C2, the allele Val180 of rs5522 (I180V) also showed association with increased risk of neonatal stress (OR=1.97; P=0.038). Both predisposing gene variants were also associated with significantly elevated levels of cortisol in normally pregnant women and females with pregnancy-related anxiety. Our results suggest that pregnancy-related anxiety can be modulated by variants of NR3C1 and NR3C2 associated with increased basal cortisol levels. Thus, our findings provide evidence in support of the suggestion that elevated cortisol levels and HPA axis hyperactivity are implicated in pregnancy-related anxiety.
6
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The resting salivary antimicrobial proteins and cortisol concentration in wrestlers during 12-week training

86%
Trochimiak T., Hübner-Woźniak E., Tomaszewski P.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2015
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vol. 7
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issue 1
EN
Study aim: the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12-week training on saliva immunoendocrine response in collegiate male and female wrestlers. Material and methods: the control group was composed of men and women of the same age, not engaged in any sports activity except for physical education classes at the university. The examined athletes participated in a 12-week training program, which consisted of two sub-phases (preparatory period and competitive period). Saliva samples were collected at three time points: at the beginning (the first point), after six weeks of the preparatory period (the second point, which was the start of the competitive period) and after six weeks of the competitive period (the third point). Immunoglobulin A and cortisol concentration, and α-amylase activity were measured in saliva by respective ELISA kits. Immunoglobulin A was expressed as relative to total protein concentration (sIgA/total protein). Results: at the third time point, the sIgA/total protein ratio was significantly lower in female compared to male athletes. α-Amylase activity was lower in all examined athletes at all three time points compared to respective control groups. Conclusions: hormonal and mucosal antimicrobial system response can provide helpful information of body adaptive processes to physical strain as well as indicators of magnitude of training-induced stress.
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