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Coronavirus: The Hidden Truth

100%
Adesola R. O., Waheed S. A., Abodunrin L.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2022
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vol. 43
38-59
EN
Coronavirus is one of the most dangerous and contagious illnesses that arise from the introduction of host organisms into the biological system. As of March 2022, this sickness had caused more harm than good, with 479 million cases and 6.12 million deaths worldwide. These illnesses are unpredictable sources of social, financial, and economic distress. The rising incidence of infections is the most concerning aspect. Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s using two distinct ways in the United Kingdom and the United States, while the first reports of coronavirus infection in animals occurred in the late 1920s when an acute respiratory infection of farmed hens developed in North America. Although some estimates place the common ancestor as far back as 55 million years or more, reflecting long-term co-evolution with bat and bird species, the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all coronaviruses is thought to have lived as recently as 8000 BCE. Coronaviruses have a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome that ranges in size from 26.4 to 31.7 kilobases. When the viral spike protein binds to its matching host cell receptor, infection occurs. There is no specific, effective, or 100 percent cure for coronavirus as of 2021, but supportive care, which includes treatment to relieve symptoms, fluid therapy, oxygen support, and prone positioning as needed, as well as medications or devices to support other affected vital organs, is the cornerstone of COVID-19 management.
2
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Emergency appendicectomy during COVID-19 pandemic – A single UK centre experience

88%
Salgaonkar H., Aladeojebi A., Murcott D., Nnaji M., Tsiamis A., Cheruvu C. V.
Polish Journal of Surgery
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2021
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vol. 93
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issue 2
33-39
EN
Introduction: In December 2019 following an outbreak of Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, it spread rapidly overwhelming the healthcare systems globally. With little knowledge of COVID-19 virus, very few published reports on surgical outcomes; hospitals stopped elective surgery, whilst emergency surgery was offered only after exhausting all conservative treatment modalities. Aim: This study presents our experience of outcomes of emergency appendectomies performed during the pandemic.Methods: Prospectively we collected data on 132 patients in peak pandemic period from 1st March to 5th June 2020 and data compared with 206 patients operated in similar period in 2019. Patient demographics, presenting symptoms, pre-operative events, investigations, surgical management, postoperative outcomes and complications were analysed. Results: Demographics and ASA grades of both cohorts were comparable. In study cohort 84.4% and 96.7% in control cohort had laparoscopic appendicectomy. Whilst the study cohort had 13.6% primary open operations, control cohort had 5.3%. Mean length of stay and early post-operative complications (<30 days) were similar in both cohorts apart from surgical site infections (p = 0.02) and one mortality in study cohort. Conclusion: In these overwhelming pandemic times, although conservative treatment of acute appendicitis is an option, a proportion of patients will need surgery. Our study shows that with careful planning and strict theatre protocols, emergency appendicectomy can be safely offered with minimal risk of spreading COVID-19 infection. These observations warrant further prospective randomised studies.
3
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Symptom analysis of confirmed COVID-19 patients - cross sectional study.

88%
Asif K., Abbas F.
Critical Care Innovations
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2021
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vol. 4
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issue 4
1-8
EN
INTRODUCTION: : Coronavirus can cause respiratory disease ranging from mild upper respiratory tract illness to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death. The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship of gender and age with symptoms of COVID-19 disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Consecutive sampling methodology was used, and all real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed patients of COVID-19 were included. Data regarding age, gender, and symptoms with onset was recorded and analyzed using Chi-square and Student t-tests with P-value ≤ .05 considered as significant. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 RESULTS: Ninety-eight patients, 68 (69.4%) males and 30 (30.6%) females were included in the study. Fifty-five (56.1%) were symptomatic and the rest were asymptomatic. Mean duration of symptoms in symptomatic cases was 2.8±1.1 days. Of these, 60 (61.85%) were older than 40 years and 17 (17.34%) had a history of travel. Fever and persistent cough were reported by more than 50% patients. Fatigue, sore throat, shortness of breath and myalgias and headaches were reported by 32-21% patients. Nausea, Vomiting, runny nose, sputum, diarrhea and anorexia were reported by less than 11% patients. Fever, dyspnea and nausea were more in individuals over 40 years. Dyspnea was more in males and fatigue was more in females. CONCLUSIONS:Many of our COVID-19 infected patients were symptomatic with fever and cough as the most common symptoms. Recognition of the pattern of these symptoms is essential for early diagnosis and management of the disease.
PL
WSTĘP: Koronawirus może powodować choroby układu oddechowego, od łagodnej choroby górnych dróg oddechowych do ciężkiego zapalenia płuc, zespołu ostrej niewydolności oddechowej i śmierci. Celem tego badania była analiza związku płci i wieku z objawami choroby COVID-19. MATERIAŁ I METODY: Zastosowano metodologię pobierania próbek i całego łańcucha polimerazy w czasie rzeczywistym reakcji (RT-PCR) u pacjentów z potwierdzonym COVID-19. Dane dotyczące wieku, płci i początkowych objawów zostały zarejestrowane i przeanalizowane za pomocą testów t-Studenta i Chi-kwadrat z wartością P ≤ 0,05 uznaną za istotną. Dane zostały wprowadzone i przeanalizowane za pomocą Pakietu Statystycznego dla Nauk Społecznych (SPSS) w wersji 25.0. WYNIKI: Do badania włączono 98 pacjentów, 68 (69,4%) mężczyzn i 30 (30,6%) kobiet. Pięćdziesiąt pięć (56,1%) było objawowych, a reszta bezobjawowych. Średni czas trwania objawów w przypadkach objawowych wynosił 2,8±1,1 dnia. Spośród nich 60 (61,85%) było w wieku powyżej 40 lat, a 17 (17,34%) miało historię podróży. Gorączka i uporczywy kaszel zgłosiło ponad 50% pacjentów. Zmęczenie, ból gardła, duszność, bóle mięśni i bóle głowy zgłosiło 32-21% pacjentów. Nudności, wymioty, katar, plwocinę, biegunkę i anoreksję zgłosiło mniej niż 11% pacjentów. Gorączka, duszność i nudności częściej występowały u osób powyżej 40 roku życia. Duszność była częstsza u mężczyzn, a zmęczenie występowało częściej u kobiet. WNIOSKI: Wielu z naszych pacjentów zakażonych COVID-19 miało objawy z gorączką i kaszlem jako najbardziej typowe. Rozpoznanie wzorca tych objawów ma zasadnicze znaczenie dla wczesnej diagnozy i leczenia choroby.
4
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The psychological trait among fitness center goers during home quarantine and its relationship to the body mass index

88%
Zureigat A., Fattah O. A., El Kailani G.
Physical Activity Review
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2021
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vol. 2
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issue 9
1-10
EN
Background: The Corona pandemic imposed on the countries of the world to take many strict measures to limit the spread of this virus, as home quarantine. Objective: this study aimed to identify the psychological aspects level among the fitness center goers during home quarantine and the differences in these aspects level according to the gender variable. As well as, the relationship between the psychological stress and motivation level, in addition, to the relationship between some psychological aspects and the body mass index, finally the differences in the body mass index before and after home quarantine. Design: To achieve this, the researchers used the descriptive approach on a sample consisting of (510), selected using randomly sample technique with the average age of (24±2.6) years. Because of the home quarantine and to reduce face-to-face interaction, the researchers used a questionnaire by using the Google form. The study tool consisted of (11) paragraphs associated with stress and (11) paragraphs associated with motivation. The researchers used means, standard deviations, paired and independent sample T-test by using SPSS version 24 with a confidence level of 95% (p value < 0.05). Results: The results of the study have shown that the psychological stress level among the study sample came with a high average (4.03) and moderate average (2.83) for motivation domain without any statistically significant differences according to the gender variable. As well as, a statistically significant association between the level of psychological stress and motivational in males and females with a higher percentage of body mass index (BMI) for males and females after home quarantine and a higher percentage of females. While the results of the study showed a statistically significant correlation between psychological aspects and body mass index. Conclusion: In light of these results, the urgent need to activate the role and importance of psychological self-care for individuals during home quarantine and work to find a balance between leisure time and other life activities.
5
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Effect of the Leisure Activities on the Level of Psychological stress among the elderly during the Coronavirus Outbreak

88%
Zureigat A., Fattah O. A.
Physical Activity Review
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2021
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vol. 1
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issue 9
70-78
EN
Background: It is well known that advancing age is accompanied by many negative feelings due to the feeling of loneliness and psychological emptiness, which leads to the individual feeling that society does not need him due to his weak physical abilities and thus this, will negatively affect healthy aging. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effect of the leisure activities on the psychological stress among the elderly during Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak. Design: To achieve this, we used the quasi-experimental approach on a sample consisting of 54, with the average age of (65.4±2.3) years. Divided into two groups 27 as a control group and 27 as the experimental group and this sample was purposively selected. Because of the home quarantine and to reduce face-to-face interaction, we used a questionnaire to measure the psychological stress level by using the Google form. The study tool consisted of 7 paragraphs associated with depression and 6 paragraphs associated with anxiety, finally 6 paragraphs associated with aggression. Before applying the experiment, the psychological stress was measured among the study sample, and then the leisure activities program was sent to the experimental group by the WhatsApp application. The researchers used means, standard deviations, paired and independent sample t-test by using SPSS version 24 with a confidence level of 95% (p<0.05). Results: The results of the study have shown that the level of the psychological stress among both groups came with a high average in the pre-measurement, as well as the anxiety domain that were the most affected in a positive way through leisure activities practicing. Additionally, there were statistically significant differences between the pre and post measurement among experiment group and favor of the post measurement. Conclusion: the leisure activities practicing among the elderly have contributed positively to reducing the level of psychological stress represented by depression, anxiety.
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