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Assessment of climate parameters and their relationship with aerosol optical depth over Katsina city, Nigeria

100%
Anosike C. C.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2025
|
vol. 59
1-13
EN
Climate variability, characterized by fluctuations in weather patterns over time, significantly influences regional ecosystems and human societies. Tiny particles suspended in the atmosphere, aerosol, play a crucial role in climate variability by interacting with solar radiation and affecting cloud formation and precipitation. This study investigates the relationship between climatic parameters (rainfall and precipitation) and aerosol optical depth and their temporal variability in Katsina City, Katsina Nigeria, from 2002 to 2022. AOD exhibited pronounced seasonal variations, with a high value trend during the dry season. AOD was at its highest peak in 2008 and lowest trend in 2018. For the seasonal variation, AOD was observed least in the month of August during the study. Rainfall patterns displayed distinct seasonal trend, concentrated between April and October, while temperature at the study location during the study period was hot year through. In this study, a significant negative correlation was found between AOD and rainfall, suggesting that increased aerosol loading may inhibit precipitation. This finding aligns with the understanding that aerosols can modify cloud microphysics, potentially leading to less efficient rain formation. However, the relationship between AOD and temperature was found to be weak, indicating that other factors likely exert a stronger influence on temperature variations in the study area. Understanding the complex interplay between aerosols, rainfall, and temperature is crucial for assessing the impacts of climate variability and developing effective adaptation strategies. Further research is needed to investigate the specific mechanisms driving these interactions and to assess the potential impacts of these findings on regional climate and air quality management.
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Spatial Variation of Climate in South-Southern Nigeria

100%
Esosuakpo E. E., Olowe J. F., Nwambuonwor U. J.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2025
|
vol. 58
111-129
EN
Climate has never been constant; variations have occurred in different time scales worldwide, within a region, and even within a locality. This indicates that no part of the world has the same climate. Although changes or variations may not happen on a time scale that will make them visible to us, historical studies of the earth's climate have shown that climate variation has been a constant occurrence. This study uses archival data to examine the spatial variation of climate in South-Southern Nigeria. The study adopted the ex post facto research method and employed the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to analyse the data collected. The result of the analysis showed that there is a significant variation in rainfall, [F (5, 2840.251) = 4.788 p < .001], for relative humidity, [F (5, 2707.601) = 3.109 p = .008], and for temperature, [F (5, 2721.219) = 23.850, p < 0.001] in the South-Southern states. This means that although Akwa Ibom State, Bayelsa State, Cross River State, Delta State, Edo State, and Rivers State are within the same region (South-Southern states), there is spatial variation of the climate characteristics among these states. The study also revealed that temperature is statistically more significant than rainfall and relative humidity between and among the South-Southern States. The study is important to policymakers, farmers, urban and rural planners, the general populace, etc., who need the knowledge of climate variability/change to avert the disruption of the natural environment and ensure a balanced social and economic system. Providing a more sustainable and resilient tomorrow can also be significant for future planning.
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