The use of square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV) in conjunction with a cyclic renewable silver amalgam film electrode (Hg(Ag)FE) for the analytical determination of ambazone in urine samples and pharmaceutical formulations is described. A single reduction peak in Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 4.0 was detected at about −1.4 V versus Ag/AgCl. Mechanistic studies have shown that the compound can act as an electrocatalyst. The method was validated. The analytical curve was linear in the concentration range from 1.0×10−9 to 1.0×10−7 mol L−1. The detection and quantification limits were found to be 3.0×10−10 mol L−1 and 1.0×10−9 mol L−1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to ambazone determination in real samples.
The present review describes the recent results on the electrochemical activity of bio-guanidino compounds, such as famotidine, metformin, acyclovir, ganciclovir, zanamivir, moroxydine as well as guanidino compounds, such as S-[(2-guanidino-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]isothiourea hydrochloride, 2-guanidino-1,3-thiazole, 2-guanidinobenzimidazole. The focus is on analyzing the electrode mechanism of the guanidino compounds at the hanging mercury drop electrode and at the silver amalgam film electrode, as well as on the character of the square wave (SW) voltammetric signals. It has been stated, that the compounds can act as electrocatalysts - they are protonated and adsorbed at the surface of the electrode, after which the protonated forms of the compounds are irreversibly reduced, yielding their initial form and hydrogen. The experimental adsorption data obtained by measuring the differential capacity of the double layer, the zero charge potential, and the surface tension at the zero charge potential have established the adsorption processes underlying their electrochemical activity. The analytical application of the obtained voltammetric signals in the determination of these compounds in biological samples is also presented. This review concentrates on our own results in the context of general developments in the field. [...]
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