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Carotenoids and lung cancer: biochemical aspects

100%
Salerno C., Crifò C., Siems W.
Open Chemistry
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2011
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vol. 9
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issue 1
1-6
EN
Carotenoids are part of the human diet and a regular low-dose intake of these compounds from natural sources is normally preferred. Carotenoid supplementation in various diseases, including cancer, was described to be useful, but evidence has been obtained that high-dose supplementation of β-carotene may be unsafe, especially to smokers and asbestos-exposed workers, because of a stastically detected increased cancer risk. The negative effect might be mediated by carotenoid breakdown products having a high reactivity towards biomolecules. It has been suggested that these compounds originate from nonenzymatic cleavage of carotenoids by oxidants liberated in large amounts by neutrophils that accumulate in various inflammatory diseases and, in particular, in pulmonary disorders characterized by profound abnormalities in inflammatory pathways, such as those triggered by tobacco smoking. Carotenoid breakdown products, in turn, may affect neutrophil response in different ways that depend on the concentration that is reached by these products in the medium. In vitro studies show that nanomolar and micromolar concentrations of carotenoid derivatives stimulate superoxide production by neutrophils activated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), while a slight inhibition is noticed with cells activated by the chemotactic tripeptide N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (f-MLP). At higher concentrations, carotenoid breakdown products inhibit superoxide production in the presence of both PMA and f-MLP. [...]
2
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FT-Raman spectroscopy as a tool in evaluation the response of plants to drought stress

88%
Rys M., Szaleniec M., Skoczowski A., Stawoska I., Janeczko A.
Open Chemistry
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2015
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vol. 13
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issue 1
EN
The aim of study was to evaluate the usefulness of FT-Raman spectroscopy in assessing stress-induced metabolic changes in plants. 20-d-old optimally watered plants of soybean were exposed to drought. Metabolic changes in optimally watered and drought-stressed plants were monitored using FT-Raman spectroscopy. In parallel, analyses were carried out of fatty acid composition and pigment content using analytical methods. These compounds are associated with the response of plants to environmental stress. While fatty acid assays in study were inconclusive, the pigment content analysis gave promising results. FT-Raman experiment demonstrated a decrease in carotenoid content in leaf, as a result of drought, which was confirmed by spectrophotometric analysis. In addition to the analysis of aforementioned compounds, FT-Raman spectroscopy allowed the simultaneous observation of a wider spectrum of compounds scattering the radiation in the leaves tested, and their subsequent comparative analysis. The impact of drought on metabolism of soybean was clearly visible on spectra and confirmed using cluster analysis. The technical problem of the influence of leaf water content on measurements, which appeared in studies, will be discussed. To conclude, FT-Raman spectroscopy may be a good complement to other non-invasive methods, e.g., fluorescent methods, in assessing the stress-induced damage of crops.
3
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Surface properties of some carotenoids spread in monolayers at the air/water interface. Experimental and computational approach

88%
Horovitz O., Tomoaia G., Racz C., Mocanu A., Bobos L.-D., Tomoaia-Cotisel M.
Open Chemistry
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2006
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vol. 4
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issue 3
489-501
EN
The surface pressure versus molecular area isotherms of some carotenoids: β,β-carotene-4-one (echinenone, ECH), β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione (canthaxanthin, CAN) and 4,4′-diapo-ω,ω-carotene-4,4′-dial (APO), spread at the air/water interface, are reported. A van der Waals type state equation is used to describe the high molecular area portions of the compression isotherms and interaction parameters within monolayers are derived. Quantum chemical semi-empirical SCF MO calculations (AM1 and PM3) are performed for the optimized geometries of molecules and dipole moments are calculated. Similar theoretical magnitudes are obtained by both methods. Surface properties, like collapse pressure, surface compressional modulus and interaction parameters are discussed in terms of dipole-dipole interactions, and correlations with the calculated quantities for the carotenoid molecules are analyzed. The orientation of the different carotenoid molecules in the monolayer is discussed.
4
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The Effect of Addition of Butterfly Pea Leaf Meal (Clitoria ternatea) in Feed on the Quality of Color of Swordtail Fish Head (Xiphophorus helleri)

75%
Rintan O. J., Yuli A., Lintang P. S. Y., Iskandar I.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2019
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vol. 26
128-137
EN
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of butterfly pea leaf as a source of carotenoids on the quality of the color of the heads of swordtail fish. The study was conducted at the Aquaculture Laboratory, Building 4, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University, from March to April 2019. The research method used an experimental approach with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications. Those treatments are 0%, 1%, 6% and 12% of butterfly pea leaf meal. The parameters observed included changes in head color quality, absolute weight growth, absolute length growth and water quality. Color observation data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis if there were differences between treatments. Multiple comparisons were performed with the Z test with a confidence level of 95%. Data on the length of growth rates and absolute weights were analyzed using analysis of variance via the F test. Here, 95% was set as the confidence level. If there were differences between treatments, this was followed by Duncan test with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the addition of 6% butterfly pea leaf meal in commercial feed was able to improve the best color on the part of the swordtail fish head. This saw an average color score 9.56 and color value of 82.2. Addition of carotenoids in feed, however, did not significantly influence the growth of absolute weight or length and water quality.
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