Search results

1

Cutaneous yeast microflora in patients with atopic dermatitis

100%

Zinkeviciene A., Vaiciulioniene N., Baranauskiene I., Kvedariene V., Emuzyte R., Citavicius D.

Open Medicine

|

2011

|

vol. 6

|

issue 6

713-719

EN

The skin of persons with atopic dermatitis (AD) is very susceptible to cutaneous infection, and some yeast species may also aggravate AD. The total yeast population of an AD patient’s skin and its relation with individual age and body part remains poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to clarify the differences in cutaneous yeast flora by age and body parts of AD patients. By swabbing affected body parts (hands, legs, face, neck or trunk), 241 samples were collected from patients with AD (132 children and 109 adults), and as controls, 40 samples were taken from healthy individuals (20 children, 20 adults). In all, 89 (36.9%) of samples were positive; the yeast isolated belonged to three genera: Candida (27.4%), Malassezia (6.6%), and Rhodotorula (2.9%). Cutaneous colonization with yeasts was two-fold higher in the adults than in children (P<0.0001). The distribution of the yeast species was dependent on the body part sampled: Malassezia predominated in the face, neck, and trunk regions (P=0.0047); Candida more frequently colonized hands and legs (P=0.0029). Our study showed that cutaneous yeast flora and distribution of yeast species depends significantly on the age of the AD patient and the body part affected by atopic dermatitis.

2

Aktywność przeciwgrzybicza fl ukonazolu wobec klinicznych szczepów Candida albicans oraz innych Candida spp. – przegląd badań in vitro przeprowadzonych w różnych ośrodkach medycznych

88%

Garbusińska A., Mertas A., Król W.

Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

|

2011

|

vol. 65

|

issue 4

29-37

EN

Candida albicans species is the most common yeast isolated from the candidiasis, however the number of fungal infections caused by non-albicans Candida (Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei) has increased in recent years. Fluconazole is an eff ective and well tolerated the antifungal azole drug with parenteral and oral forms. This agent directed to 14-􀄮-demethylase lanosterol (the product of the ERG11 gene) – the enzyme important in the biosynthesis of ergosterol – the major constituent of fungal membranes. Antifungal drug resistance is associated with the molecular mechanisms, especially with the point mutations of the ERG11 gene and the expression of genes CDR1, CDR2, MDR1 encoding so called effl ux-pumps, the system of transport fl uconazole across the plasma membrane. The aim of this study was the review of the research in various medical centres and the evaluation of the susceptibility of Candida albicans strains and other Candida spp. to fluconazole. These strains obtained from the clinical samples of the patients hospitalized. The fluconazole activity against the yeasts isolates was evaluated in vitro using the reference methods according by the CLSI, predominantly by the broth dilution methods with the determination the minimum inhibitory concentration MIC. Here are the conclusions obtained on the basis of the presented research: 1. The isolates of Candida spp. showed diff erent levels of susceptibility to fluconazole. 2. It’s important to determine the susceptibility of Candida spp. to fluconazole before beginning of treatment to improve the treatment outcome.

PL

Candida albicans to najczęściej izolowany gatunek w przypadku kandydoz, jednakże liczba infekcji grzybiczych z udziałem non-albicans Candida (Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei) w ostatnich latach wyraźnie wzrosła. Flukonazol jest skutecznym i dobrze tolerowanym lekiem przeciwgrzybiczym – azolem, stosowanym w formie parenteralnej lub doustnej. Lek ten celuje w 14-􀄮-demetylazę lanosterolu (produkt genu ERG11), enzym istotny w biosyntezie ergosterolu będącego głównym składnikiem błony komórkowej grzyba. Oporność na flukonazol jest związana z istnieniem molekularnych mechanizmów, szczególnie z punktowymi mutacjami w genie ERG11 i ekspresją genów CDR1,CDR2, MDR1 kodujących tzw. effl ux-pumps, tj. system transportu niezbędny do wyrzutu fl ukonazolu przez błonę komórkową. Celem niniejszej pracy było dokonanie przeglądu badań z różnych ośrodków medycznych, dotyczących oceny wrażliwości na fl ukonazol szczepów Candida albicans i innych Candida spp. wyizolowanych z materiałów klinicznych pobranych od hospitalizowanych pacjentów. Aktywność flukonazolu wobec izolatów drożdżaków była oceniana referencyjnymi metodami zgodnymi z zaleceniami CLSI, z przewagą metod rozcieńczeniowych, pozwalających na określenie minimalnego stężenia hamującego MIC. Na podstawie wyników analizowanych badań można sformułować następujące wnioski: 1. Kliniczne szczepy Candida spp. cechują się zróżnicowanym poziomem wrażliwości na flukonazol. 2. Istotne wydaje się oznaczanie wrażliwości Candida spp. na flukonazol przed rozpoczęciem leczenia, w celu uzyskania pozytywnych wyników terapii.

3

Contact lens-related combined Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acanthamoeba and Candida keratitis among adolescents girls

88%

Świerczyńska M., Tronina A., Bogocz M., Mrukwa-Kominek E., Filipek E.

OphthaTherapy

|

2022

|

vol. 9

|

issue 1

36-44

EN

Background: We present a case of combined Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acanthamoeba and Candida keratitis and clinical course of treatment in two adolescents girls who did not follow the rules of proper use of soft contact lenses. Case reports: Two teenage contact lens users sought medical attention, reporting visual impairment, redness and pain of the eye. Slit lamp examination showed unilateral corneal ulcer. Confocal microscopy revealed images compatible with amoebic cysts and yeasts cells, whereas the results of conjunctival swabs confirmed the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After topical and general treatment in the first patient, the corneal defect was healed, and visual acuity improved. The girl remains under the constant supervision of an ophthalmological clinic. The medications were gradually reduced, but with time she developed crystalline keratopathy. Regrettably, the second patient, despite the applied treatment had recurrent inflammation and progressive corneal thinning, which required amniotic membrane transplantation to prevent perforation. Conclusion: The early identification of the pathogen as well as adequate treatment is crucial, as contact lens-associated keratitis are potentially sight threatening. Patient and caregiver education, adequate contact lens hygiene and consistent follow-up are important to prevent serious complications.

4

Monomeric and gemini surfactants as antimicrobial agents - influence on environmental and reference strains

88%

Koziróg A., Brycki B.

|

issue 4

879-883

EN

Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) belong to surfactant commonly used both, in the household and in different branches of industry, primarily in the process of cleaning and disinfection. They have several positive features inter alia effectively limiting the development of microorganisms on many surfaces. In the present work, two compounds were used as biocides: hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide) that belongs to the gemini surfactant (GS), and its single analogue - dodecyl(trimethyl)ammonium bromide (DTAB). Two fold dilution method was used to determine the minimum concentration of compounds (MIC) which inhibit the growth of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538 and an environmental strain), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 85327 and an environmental strain), and yeast Candida albicans (ATCC 11509 and an environmental strain). The viability of cells in liquid cultures with addition of these substances at ¼ MIC, ½ MIC and MIC concentrations were also determined. The obtained results show that DTAB inhibits the growth of bacteria at the concentration of 0.126-1.010 µM/ml, and gemini surfactant is active at 0.036-0.029 µM/ml. Therefore, GS is active at more than 17-70-fold lower concentrations than its monomeric analogue. Strains isolated from natural environment are less sensitive upon testing biocides than the references strains. Both compounds at the MIC value reduced the number of cells of all strains. The use of too low concentration of biocides can limit the growth of microorganisms, but often only for a short period of time in case of special environmental strains. Later on, they can adapt to adverse environmental conditions and begin to evolve defence mechanisms.

5

Surfaceome of pathogenic yeasts, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis, revealed with the use of cell surface shaving method and shotgun proteomic approach

88%

Karkowska-Kuleta J., Zajac D., Bochenska O., Kozik A.

|

issue 4

807-819

EN

In the course of infections caused by pathogenic yeasts from the genus Candida, the fungal cell surface is the first line of contact with the human host. As the surface-exposed proteins are the key players in these interactions, their identification can significantly contribute to discovering the mechanisms of pathogenesis of two emerging pathogens from this genus, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the cell wall-attached proteins of these two species with the use of cell surface shaving and a shotgun proteomic approach. Different morphological forms of C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis cells obtained after growth under various conditions were subjected to this treatment. This allowed to indicate the most abundant cell surface proteins on the basis of the normalized spectral abundance factors. In case of yeast-like forms these were, among others, proteins similar to a chitinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and an inducible acid phosphatase for C. parapsilosis, and a constitutive acid phosphatase, pyruvate decarboxylase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase for C. tropicalis. In case of pseudohyphal forms, proteins similar to a cell surface mannoprotein Mp65, chitinase and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored transglycosylase Crh11 were identified at the cell surface of C. parapsilosis. The Rbt1 cell wall protein, a hyphally regulated cell wall protein and proteins from agglutinin-like sequence protein family were found as the most abundant on C. tropicalis pseudohyphae. Apart from the abovementioned proteins, several additional covalently bound and atypical cell wall proteins were also identified. These results extend the current knowledge regarding the molecular basis of virulence of these two non-albicans Candida species.

6

Cell wall proteome of pathogenic fungi

75%

Karkowska-Kuleta J., Kozik A.

|

issue 3

339-351

EN

A fast development of a wide variety of proteomic techniques supported by mass spectrometry coupled with high performance liquid chromatography has been observed in recent years. It significantly contributes to the progress in research on the cell wall, very important part of the cells of pathogenic fungi. This complicated structure composed of different polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and melanin, plays a key role in interactions with the host during infection. Changes in the set of the surface-exposed proteins under different environmental conditions provide an effective way for pathogens to respond, adapt and survive in the new niches of infection. This work summarizes the current state of knowledge on proteins, studied both qualitatively and quantitatively, and found within the cell wall of fungal pathogens for humans, including Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans and other medically important fungi. The described proteomic studies involved the isolation and fractionation of particular sets of proteins of interest with various techniques, often based on differences in their linkages to the polysaccharide scaffold. Furthermore, the proteinaceous contents of extracellular vesicles ("virulence bags") of C. albicans, C. neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis are compared, because their production can partially explain the problem of non-classical protein secretion by fungi. The role assigned to surface-exposed proteins in pathogenesis of fungal infections is enormously high, thus justifying the need for further investigation of cell wall proteomes.

7

Antibiotics sensitivity of Candida clinical and food-borne isolates

75%

Maroszyńska M., Kunicka-Styczyńska A., Rajkowska K., Maroszyńska I.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2013

|

vol. 60

|

issue 4

719-724

EN

Candida is a yeast species recognized as the most frequent etiological agent of systemic and invasive thrush in humans. Invasions can affect all tissues, organs and systems of human in various stages of development. In the last 10 years Candida infections have increased 15 times. The purpose of our study was to determine the sensitivity of four antibiotics belonging to three different groups of antifungal agents against clinical and food-borne Candida strains. Our studies showed that of all tested strains, 7% was resistant to nystatin, 32% to fluconazole, 23% to voriconazole, and no strains grew in the presence of caspofungin. Despite the differences in biochemical profiles of clinical and food-borne isolates of Candida, a group of strains showing resistance to antibiotics include both types of isolates. At the same time circulating of antibiotic-resistant strains outside the hospital environment and the yeast infection via food is possible.

8

Personal autonomy in the management of candidal prosthetic joint infection

63%

Villamil-Cajoto I., Eynde-Collado A., Otero L., Villacian Vicedo M.

Open Medicine

|

2012

|

vol. 7

|

issue 4

539-541

EN

The principle of patient autonomy dominates the contemporary debate in medical ethics. Twenty-five years ago, most major medical decisions were left exclusively in the hands of physicians. Such decisions were usually made with beneficent intent but without open discussion, much less the full participation of the patient. Our case involves a patient’s decision to treat an infection with Candida species, the most common fungi affecting humans in a broad spectrum of opportunistic infections, including bones and joints. Only four recent cases of delayed reimplantation arthroplasty for candidal prosthetic joint infection have been reported, and there are no reports, besides ours, of successful non-surgical resolution of candidal prosthetic joint arthritis. We report this case as a patient’s choice with an excellent outcome.

9

Pieluszkowe zapalenie skóry u dzieci

63%

Wilmont A., Doboszyńska A.

Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna

|

2012

|

vol. 8

|

issue 3

272-274

EN

Diaper dermatitis (DD) is a skin inflammation located in the areas where the diaper contacts the skin. DD is one of the most common skin diseases of infancy and early childhood. It is a common infection in patients with immunodeficiency. Causes of DD are complex and multifactorial. The main predisposing factor for DD is long skin contact with wet environment. Irritated skin is sensitive to Candida albicans infection. The course of the disease is usually mild and the rush is its main symptom. More severe types of the diaper dermatitis include major rush with other symptoms (i.e. swelling, erosions, blisters) in the areas where the diaper contacts the skin. There are lumps of pale pink to pale red on the skin, scaly often peripherally. DD occurs in both sexes with the equal frequency. The mild forms of the diaper dermatitis are easily to treat with emollients. In case of an increased form of the diaper dermatitis or further complications it is necessary to use appropriate medicine; it is recommended to provide a topical antimyotic treatment. The core of the treatment is to comply with the rules of hygiene in the areas of the diaper: avoid moisture, frequent change diapers, airing infected perineal skin and avoiding the use of perineal alcohol-based preparations. The diet should be avoided corn starch, since it’s a breeding ground for Candida. The objective of this study was to systematize the news on the epidemiology, aetiology, clinical and prevention DD.

PL

Pieluszkowe zapalenie skóry (PZS) to stan zapalny skóry zlokalizowany w miejscu przylegania pieluszki. PZS należy do najczęstszych schorzeń skóry wieku niemowlęcego i wczesnodziecięcego, jest częstą infekcją u osób z niedoborem odporności. Przyczyny występowania PZS mają charakter złożony i wieloczynnikowy. Główny czynnik predysponujący do wystąpienia PZS stanowi długi kontakt skóry z wilgotnym środowiskiem. Podrażniona skóra jest podatna na zakażenia Candida albicans. Przebieg choroby najczęściej jest łagodny i objawia się rumieniem. Cięższe postacie PZS wiążą się z występowaniem ostrych wykwitów skórnych (np. rumień, obrzęk, nadżerki, pęcherzyki) w miejscu przylegania pieluszki. Na skórze widoczne są grudki bladoróżowe do jasnoczerwonych, często łuszczące się obwodowo. PZS równie często występuje u obu płci. Jego łagodne formy dobrze reagują na leczenie za pomocą emolientów. W przypadku nasilonego stanu zapalnego bądź powikłanego PZS konieczne jest zastosowanie środków farmakologicznych, zaleca się miejscowe leczenie przeciwgrzybicze. Podstawą pielęgnacji jest zachowanie zasad właściwej higieny okolicy pieluszkowej: unikanie wilgoci, częsta zmiana pieluszek, wietrzenie zainfekowanej skóry krocza oraz unikanie stosowania w okolicy krocza preparatów na bazie alkoholu. W diecie należy unikać skrobi kukurydzianej, która jest pożywką dla Candida. Celem pracy było usystematyzowanie wiadomości na temat epidemiologii, etiologii, obrazu klinicznego oraz profilaktyki PZS.

Refine search results

Cutaneous yeast microflora in patients with atopic dermatitis

Aktywność przeciwgrzybicza fl ukonazolu wobec klinicznych szczepów Candida albicans oraz innych Candida spp. – przegląd badań in vitro przeprowadzonych w różnych ośrodkach medycznych

Contact lens-related combined Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acanthamoeba and Candida keratitis among adolescents girls

Monomeric and gemini surfactants as antimicrobial agents - influence on environmental and reference strains

Surfaceome of pathogenic yeasts, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis, revealed with the use of cell surface shaving method and shotgun proteomic approach

Cell wall proteome of pathogenic fungi

Antibiotics sensitivity of Candida clinical and food-borne isolates

Personal autonomy in the management of candidal prosthetic joint infection

Pieluszkowe zapalenie skóry u dzieci