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  1. 47 Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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  1. 4 Kandefer-Szerszen M.

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  3. 3 Robak T.

  4. 2 Blach-Olszewska Z.

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1

Biology of trombopoietin and its receptor

100%
Robak T.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1996
|
vol. 50
|
issue 6
649-663
EN
Megakaryocytopoiesis is regulated by a number of cytokines with either stimulatory or inhibitory effects. Thrombopoietin (TPO), a cytokine with specific megakaryocyte naturational activity recently has been identified as the c-Mpl ligand. The physiological role of TPO and its potential mechanism of regulation has been investigated by generating mice that are missing the gene for TPO receptor (c-Mpl) and therefore deficient in the receptor itself. In homozygous knock-out mice (c-Mpl-/-) blood platelet counts were reduced to about 85% compared to wild-type mice. Several groups have now reported on the genomic structure of the TPO locus and the gene maps to the long arm of human chromosome 3 and mouse chromosome 16. The human cDNA predicts a mature molecule of 332 aminoacids with striking homology to erythropoietin throughout the N-terminal half. Recombinant TPO has profund effects on megakaryocyte progenitors and induction of megakaryocyte maturation to the point of platelet production. Administration of recombinant TPO to redents or primates treated with myelosuppresive agents abrogates or alleviates the severity and the duration of the resultants thrombocytopenias. The in vitro and in vivo activities of the TPO indicate that this cytokine may hold a promise for prevention and treatment of thrombocytopenia associated with chemotherapy, irradiation and bone marrow transplantation.
2

Cytokines in reumatoid arthritis

100%
Robak T., Gladalska A.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1997
|
vol. 51
|
issue 6
621-636
EN
In this review we have examined the role of a variety cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their possible applications in the treatment of this disease. Cytokines are small protein molecules, released by activated cells which function as chemical messengers between cells of the immune, inflammatory and other systems. The studies using isolated cells from RA synovial membranes indicate that the vast majority of known cytokines are found in RA synovial tissue. These include IL-1, TNFa, IL-6, IL-8, TGFb, GM-CSF and others. TNFa and IL-1 are important 'pivotal' molecules in the disease process. TNFa has been detected in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with RA, sugesting an important contribution of this cytokine to the development of arthritis. Clinically, TNF-a has been also associated with markers of rheumatoid disease activity. Rheumatoid synovial tissue synthesizes large amounts of both forms of IL-1 (IL-1a and IL-1b) in vitro. IL-1 can exert a variety of systemic effects, including induction of fever and synthesis of acute phase proteins. It also induces local joint effects mediating production of fibroblast fibronectin and tissue collagenase. IL-6 is found in greater quantities in the synovial fluids from patients with RA compared to osteoarthritis. Synovial fluid IL-6 levels correlate with local IgM rheumatoid factor and systemic acute phase protein production. Chemokines, including IL-8, have potent chemotactic activity for cells of the immune system. IL-8 not only participates in the inflammatory phase of RA, but also participates in the vasculoproliferative phase of this disease. Recent data on the cytokine profile in RA implies that alternative treatment strategies should be considered. Potential approaches for modifying the cytokine network include inhibition of cytokine production or their action, inhibition of signal transduction and administration of suppressive cytokines.
3

Cytokines in allergic inflammatory process

100%
Rutkowski R., Moniuszko M. T., Moniuszko T.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2001
|
vol. 55
|
issue 4
587-603
EN
In our review article we intend to show the importance of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10, IFN gamma and IL-12 in pathomechanism of allergic inflammatory process, expecially in bronchial asthma. We also want to ilustrate the relationships between lymphocytes T, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and other inflammatory cells which take part in allergic inflammation.
4

Cytokine production in whole blood cell cultures of patients with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The influence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor

100%
Kaminska T., Hus I., Dmoszynska A., Kandefer-Szerszen M.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2001
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vol. 49
|
issue 1
71-80
EN
We investigated the levels of 6 different cytokines in the sera of 10 newly diagnosed patients with B-cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and detected a significant increase in IL-6 and IFN- serum levels in comparison to that of healthy controls. Whole blood cell cultures of 10 ALL patients and 20 control individuals were induced with classical cytokine inducers, such as virus, PHA and LPS, and their ability to produce 9 different cytokines was compared. Blood cells of ALL patients produced significantly less IL-1, IL-1, IL-10 and TNF- than control cells and not significanly lower levels of IL-6, but comparable with control levels of IL-2, IL-4. rHuGM-CSF added to cell cultures 24 hr before induction significantly enhanced the production of IL-1, IL-1 and TNF- in controls, but only IL-1 and IL-1 in the blood cell cultures of patients with ALL. GM-CSF did not significantly influence the production of IFN-, IFN-, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in the control cells and the cells of ALL patients. The patients examined differed not only in the expression of CD10 and CD34 antigens on blast cells, but also in the reaction to GM-CSF treatment, which was found as very high standard deviation values. We suppose that these differences can partially explain the different effects of GM-CSF when used to ameliorate neutropenia of ALL patients after chemotherapy and to reduce the incidence of microbial infections.
5

Cytokine production by human leukocytes with different expressions of natural antiviral immunity and the effect of antibodies against interferons and TNF-alpha

80%
Orzechowska B., Antoszkow Z., Siemieniec I., Lorenc M., Jatczak B., Blach-Olszewska Z.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2007
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vol. 55
|
issue 2
111-117
EN
Introduction: Two activities of innate antiviral immunity were studied: the resistance of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) ex vivo to viral infection and the production of cytokines. Materials and Methods: Samples of blood were taken from healthy blood donors and from persons with frequent infections of the upper respiratory system. PMBCs were isolated by gradient centrifugation. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was used as the indicatory virus to infect PMBCs. The cytokines: IFN, TNF, and IL-6 were titrated by biological methods and IL-10 by ELISA. Results: Blood donors were divided for two groups: those with VSV-resistant and those with VSV-sensitive PMBCs and secretion of cytokines by them was compared. The resistant PMBCs produced more cytokines than the sensitive ones. A statistically significant difference, was found only in the case of the IFNs. To examine the contribution of IFNs and TNF in maintaining resistance, leukocytes from both groups were treated with specific anti-cytokine antibodies. The authors' previous study showed that the elimination of spontaneous IFN-alpha IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha from resistant leukocytes resulted in increased VSV replication This indicates the important role of cytokines. In VSV-sensitive PMBCs, anti-IFN-alpha showed the opposite effect (decreased virus replication). In the absence of spontaneous IFN-alpha, disturbances in cytokine production were observed. Conclusions: Complete resistance of PMBC to VSV infection is accompanied by higher cytokine release, The paradoxical effect of anti-IFN-alpha on virus replication in leukocytes sensitive to viral infection may be attributed to changes in the cytokine profile balance, i.e. high TNF production by VSV-infected leukocytes and a complete reduction of IL-6 production.
6

Investigation of serum cytokine levels and cytokine production in whole blood cultures of paranoid schizophrenic patients

80%
Kaminska T., Wysocka A., Marmurowska-Michalowska H., Dubas-Slemp H., Kandefer-Szerszen M.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2001
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vol. 49
|
issue 6
439-446
EN
There is some evidence that the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is related to changes in the innate and adaptive immune systems. In an attempt to define a potential immunological dysfunction in schizophrenia, we measured the serum levels of several cytokines in the sera of 24 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and investigated the cytokine production in whole blood assays after stimulation in vitro with virus (Newcastle disease), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and compared them with healthy, normal controls. A significant increase of IL-6, IL-8 and IFN- gamma levels, but a decreased IL-10 level were observed in the sera of patients with schizophrenia. No significant changes in the serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha were detected in these patients. When cytokine production in vitro was examined, a significant defect in PHA-induced IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma, and in virus-induced IFN-alpha production, but no significant alterations in LPS-induced IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha production were observed. In summary, increased serum levels of some cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8 and IFN-gamma indicate an activation of the inflammatory response in schizophrenia, while the in vitro assay indicates significant changes in the Th1 (decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and Th2 (decreased production of IL-4) cell system responses. The role of the defective IFN-apha production in the regulation of the imbalance between Th1 and Th2 cell system responses is suggested.
7

Neurokinin receptors: relevance to the emerging immune system

80%
Kang H. S., Trzaska K. A., Corcoran K., Chang V. T., Rameshwar P.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2004
|
vol. 52
|
issue 5
338-347
EN
The adult bone marrow (BM) is the major site of the emerging immune system. Hematopoiesis is the process whereby immune cells are generated from a finite number of hematopoietic stem cells. Hematopoiesis is regulated by soluble mediators and intercellular interactions. A major regulatory mechanism of hematopoiesis involves bidirectional crosstalk with the neural system. This communication mainly occurs by the release of neurotransmitters from innervated fibers. The neurotransmitters interact with specific receptors on BM resident cells and release other hematopoietic regulators such as cytokines. Together, the neurotransmitters and cytokines form a complex network to regulate hematopoiesis. Among BM resident cells, the stromal cells are particularly relevant for two reasons: 1) they represent non-neural sources of neurotransmitters, and 2) stromal cells express specific receptors for neurotransmitters. This review focuses on the hematopoietic effects of neurotransmitters belonging to the tachykinins. The two major tachykinins focused in this review are substance P and neurokinin (NK)-A, 11 and 10 amino acid peptides. In BM, the tachykinins interact with two major NK receptors: NK-1 and NK-2. These two receptors appear to limit tachykinin-mediated effects on hematopoiesis. The central roles of NK receptors within a network comprising of cytokines and tachykinins are reviewed.
8

Tumour markers in the diagnosis and monitoring of lung cancer

80%
Lawicki S., Mroczko B., Szmitkowski M.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2002
|
vol. 56
|
issue 1
93-118
EN
Serum tumour markers may be helpful in early diagnosis of lung cancer, in the initial assesment of the extent of the disease, and in monitoring of the tumour growth or tumour volume reduction, once cancer has been diagnosed and treatment started. Recent studies have focused especially ? cytokines as a new group of tumour markers.
9

Immunological aspects of bone marrow transplantation

80%
Klimczak A.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1995
|
vol. 49
|
issue 1
99-106
10

Immune function of the placenta and endothelium in viral infection, nonspecific immunity

80%
Paradowska E.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1995
|
vol. 49
|
issue 1
137-145
11

Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8), cytokine inhibitors (IL-6 sR, sTNFR II) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-13) in the pathogenesis of sepsis in newborns and infants

80%
Sikora J. P., Chlebna-Sokol D., Krzyzanska-Oberbek A.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
vol. 49
|
issue 5
399-405
EN
The levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8, and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-13 were studied in child patients with sepsis. The changes of the cytokines inhibitors soluble IL-6 receptor and soluble p75 TNF alpha receptor were also investigated in the patients' sera. An increase of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels was demonstrated at the time of diagnosis. Pharmacotherpy was accompanied by a decrease of the elevated concentrations of both cytokines and their inhibitors. The time pattern of changes in cytokine and cytokine inhibitor serum concentrations along with the time course of acute phase indices, including procalcitonin and C-reactive protein, allows for an evaluation of system inflammatory response and may support diagnostic and prognosis methods.
12

Cytokine-producing T cell subsets in human leishmaniasis

80%
Kemp K.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2000
|
vol. 48
|
issue 3
173-176
EN
Leishmania specific Th1/Th2 cells have been identified in humans as well as in mice. There is a correlation between the clinical outcome of the infection and the cytokine response profile. Generally, the production of Th2 cytokines leads to severe infection, whereas the production of Th1 cytokines leads to subclinical or mild infections. In mice, an infection leads to a polarisation of either Th1 or Th2 Leishmania antigen specific cells. In contrast, both Th1 and Th2 Leishmania antigen specific cells can be identified in humans cured from L. donovani infections. Theoretically, Th1 cells and Th2 cells mutually down-regulate each other. However, the presence of antigen specific regulatory T cell subsets may provide an environment that allows the presence of both Th1 and Th2 cells.
13

IL-15 and IL-15Ra in CD4+T cell immunity

80%
Van_ B. T., Grooten J.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2005
|
vol. 53
|
issue 2
115-126
EN
The cytokine IL-15 performs numerous functions, such as promotion of growth and survival, on a plethora of cell types from both the lymphoid and non-lymphoid compartments. Therefore, mice genetically engineered to either lack or overexpress functional IL-15 display reduced immunological responses and leukemia, respectively. Surprisingly, IL-15 protein is hardly found in serum or body fluids. Due to the lack of a clear demonstration of its presence as protein, IL-15 was often referred to as a 'ghost cytokine'. Recently, however, membrane-bound IL-15 was detected in both a membrane-anchored form and an IL-15Ralpha-bound form on monocytes. Interestingly, the latter complex can be transpresented to cells expressing the intermediate-affinity IL-2/15Rbeta- gammaC receptor and thereby support the survival and proliferation of T cells. Moreover, overlapping promoter elements indicate a model of co-regulation of IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha by which IL-15 activities are controlled in a cell-contact-dependent manner. In this review, recent reports on IL-15 are combined with previous observations and discussed in terms of their functional consequences for CD4+ T cell responses.
14

The levels of IL-1beta, IL-4 and IL-6 in the serum and the liver tissue of chronic HCV-infected patients

80%
Lapinski T. W.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
vol. 49
|
issue 4
311-316
EN
The pro-inflammatory interleukines play a major role in the progress of chronic hepatitis C. Among the patients with chronic HCV infection, the morphology of the liver was assessed and the levels of serum and liver-tissue IL-1beta, IL-4 and IL-6 were determined. The levels of the cytokines were related to the liver tissue changes. RNA-HCV was measured by the RT-PCR method. Cytokine levels of the serum and liver tissue were measured by the Quantikine High Sensitivity test. The levels of serum IL-1beta, IL-4 and IL-6 (0.221, 0.104 and 1.393 pg/ml) in all HCV patients were higher in comparison with healthy adults (0.188, 0.025 and 0.600 pg/ml). The levels of liver tissue IL-1beta, IL-4 and IL-6 (4291.3, p<0.05; 1624.6, p<0.05; 1158.7 pg/g protein) in all HCV patients were higher compared to the patients with liver cirrhosis without HBV or HCV infection (2319.9, 553.6 and 756.2 pg/g protein). Patients with HCV infection demonstrated significant correlation between serum and liver-tissue levels of IL-1beta (Pearson: 0.61, p<0.05) and IL-4 (Pearson: 0.51). The level of serum IL-6 in patients with moderate chronic active hepatitis was higher when compared to the patients with mild chronic persistent hepatitis. Among the patients with mild chronic persistent hepatitis, the levels of liver tissue IL-6 were higher compared with those with moderate chronic active hepatitis. There was no correlation between histology changes and the levels of serum and liver-tissue IL-1beta and IL-4.
15

Positive and negative regulation of the immune response to Cryptococcus neoformans

80%
Vecchiarelli A.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2000
|
vol. 48
|
issue 5
465-472
EN
Cytokines are small proteins or glycoproteins that transmit information from one cell to another. Most cells in the body secrete and respond to cytokines and their effects have been described on a myriad of cellular functions. Cytokine interactions may not be linear, thus making the system extremely intricate and with unpredictable features. Therefore, each model of disease may be unique with its own mechanism of autoregulation dictated by positive and negative feedback involving cytokines and costimulatory molecules. The emergence of some cytokines over others in the course of C. neoformans infection may characterize a positive or negative outcome of cryptococcosis. Much less is known about the influence of costimulatory molecules in regulating C. neoformans immune response. The available information indicates a critical role for proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor- and interleukin (IL)-12. The positive role of interferon- in infected tissue as an inducer of antimicrobial function of innate immune cells and as positive feedback for IL-12 induction appears to be indisputable. In vitro studies indicate that costimulatory molecule expression appears to be regulated on antigen presenting cells by C. neoformans and increased expression of B7-1 and CD40 on these cells may promote a protective response. These studies await confirmation in an in vivo system. The interplay between cytokines and costimulatory molecules has been scarcely explored, and additional details are needed to better understand how they convey positive and negative information to immune cells in response to C. neoformans.
16
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Dynamics of expression of the mRNA for cytokines and inducible nitric synthase in a murine model of the Parkinson disease

80%
Ciesielska A., Joniec I., Przybylkowski A., Gromadzka G., Czlonkowska A., Czlonkowski A.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2003
|
vol. 63
|
issue 2
117-126
EN
The inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress has been linked with PD. Proinflammatory cytokines promote neurodegeneration or neuroprotection in different animal models. In addition, these cytokines have been reported to increase iNOS expression. With the RT-PCR method we evaluated mRNA levels for IL1beta, IL6, TNF, IFN gamma, IL-10 and iNOS in the striatum of C57BL/6 mice after MPTP intoxication. The IL1beta mRNA expression rapidly increased, nad peaked at 6 h. The first increase of mRNA for TNFalpha and INFgamma was noticed at 6-24 h and the second at the 7th day after MPTP intoxication. Two peaks of IL10 mRNA were seen, immediately (6 h) and at the 3rd day post MPTP injection. The peak of mRNA level for IL6 was observed at the 7th day. Expression of mRNA for iNOS peaked at 24 h, started decreasing on the 3rd day, but was still present till the 14th day Those findings suggest that cytokine network and iNOS may be involved in the development of immune changes accompanying degeneration of the nigrostriatal system.
17
Content available remote

Sleep as a behavioral model of neuro-immune interactions

80%
Opp M. R., Imeri L.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1999
|
vol. 59
|
issue 1
45-53
EN
The central nervous system, by a variety of mechanisms engages in constant surveillance of the peripheral immune system. Alterations in the status of the peripheral immune system induced by an invading pathogen for example, are quickly detected by the central nervous system, which then responds by altering physiological processes and behavior in an attempt to support the immune system in its efforts to eliminate the pathogen. Sleep is one of several behaviors that are dramatically altered in response to infection. Immune-active substances such as the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, either directly or indirectly via interactions with neurotransmitters or neurohormones are involved in the regulation of sleep. Because these cytokines increase during infection, they are likely candidates for mediating the profound alterations in sleep that occur during infection. Since regulation of behavior is the function of the central nervous system, infection-induced alterations in behavior provide a unique model for the study of neuro-immune interactions.
18

The role of free radicals in pathogenesis of the insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

80%
Komosinska K., Olczyk K.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1995
|
vol. 49
|
issue 6
733-746
EN
The role of free radicals as well as cytokines (IL-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma) and nitric oxide in the immune-mediated processes leading to the beta-cell destruction during IDDM is described.It is also pointed that the excess of IL-1ra in relation to IL-1 prevents IL-1 toxicity to beta-cells.
19

Cytokines, receptors and inhibitors.Evaluation of their role in laboratory diagnostics of rheumatiod arthritis

80%
Dobryszycka W., Rekas A.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1993
|
vol. 47
|
issue 6
415-436
20

The role of free radicals in pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis

80%
Komosinska K., Olczyk K., Winsz K.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1997
|
vol. 51
|
issue 3
285-303
EN
This article reviews the current concept in the ethiology and pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. It is suggested that free radicals play a crucial role in pathomechanisms of scleroderma. In addition, the influence of some environmental agents (silica, bleomycin, aalcohol, toxic oil) on free radical production and subsequent induction of scleroderma or scleroderma-like syndrome is also described.
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