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1

The 'comet' assay for detection of potential genotoxicity of polluted water

100%

Kosz-Vnenchak M., Rokosz K.

Folia Biologica

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1997

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vol. 45

153-156

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the potential genotoxic activity of polluted water samples taken from wastewater from selected industrial plants in Krakow: 1. the Thermal-electric Power Station 2. the Institute of Metal Cutting. The recently developed single cell gel assay (SCG or comet assay), which is a quick and simple technique for the evaluation of DNA damage and repair in individual cells, was used. The assay was carried out on human hepatoma cells (Hep G2) as target cells. A greater number of cells with comets was observed in those treated in vitro with the polluted water samples (70%-88%) than in those in the control (22%, 33%). These preliminary results indicate that comet assay can have an application in biomonitoring studies for determining the potential genotoxicity of water pollutants. s.

2

Genotoxicity of the volatile anaesthetic desflurane in human lymphocytes in vitro, established by comet assay

88%

Karpinski T. M., Kostrzewska-Poczekaj M., Stachecki I., Mikstacki A., Szyfter K.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2005

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vol. 46

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issue 3

319-324

EN

The aim of the present study was to estimate the genotoxicity of desflurane, applied as a volatile anaesthetic. The potential genotoxicity was determined by the comet assay as the extent of DNA fragmentation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. The comet assay detects DNA strand breaks induced directly by genotoxic agents as well as DNA fragmentation due to cell death. Another anaesthetic, halothane, already proved to be a genotoxic agent, was used as a positive control. Both analysed drugs were capable of increasing DNA migration in a dose-dependent manner under experimental conditions applied. The results of the study demonstrated that the genotoxicity of desflurane was comparable with that of halothane. However, considering the pharmacodynamics of both drugs, the genotoxic activity of desflurane may be connected with a less harmful effect on the exposed patients or medical staff.

3

DNA damage in mouse lymphocytes exposed to curcumin and copper

75%

Urbina-Cano P., Bobadilla-Morales L., Ramirez-Herrera M. A., Corona-Rivera J. R., Mendoza-Magana M. L., Troyo-Sanroman R., Corona-Rivera A.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2006

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vol. 47

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issue 4

377-382

EN

Dietary polyphenolics, such as curcumin, have shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Some antioxidants cause DNA strand breaks in excess of transition metal ions, such as copper. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of curcumin in the presence of increasing concentrations of copper to induce DNA damage in murine leukocytes by the comet assay. Balb-C mouse lymphocytes were exposed to 50 M curcumin and various concentrations of copper (10 M, 100 M and 200 M). Cellular DNA damage was detected by means of the alkaline comet assay. Our results show that 50 M curcumin in the presence of 100?200 M copper induced DNA damage in murine lymphocytes. Curcumin did not inhibit the oxidative DNA damage caused by 50 M H2O2 in mouse lymphocytes. Moreover, 50 M curcumin alone was capable of inducing DNA strand breaks under the tested conditions. The increased DNA damage by 50 M curcumin was observed in the presence of various concentrations of copper, as detected by the alkaline comet assay.

4

Protective in vivo effect of curcumin on copper genotoxicity evaluated by comet and micronucleus assays

75%

Corona-Rivera A., Urbina-Cano P., Bobadilla-Morales L., Vargas-Lares J. J., Ramirez- H. M. A., Mendoza-Magaua M. L., Troyo-Sanroman R., Diaz-Esquivel P., Corona-Rivera J. R.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2007

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vol. 48

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issue 4

389-396

EN

Curcumin is a phytochemical with antiinflammatory, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities. Apparently, curcumin is not genotoxic in vivo, but in vitro copper and curcumin interactions induce genetic damage. The aim of this study was to test if in vivo copper excess induces DNA damage measured by comet and micronucleus assays in the presence of curcumin. We tested 0.2% curcumin in Balb-C mice at normal (13 ppm) and high (65, 130 and 390 ppm) copper ion concentrations. The comet and micronucleus assays were performed 48 hr after chemical application. Comet tail length in animals treated with 0.2% curcumin was not significantly different from the control. Animals exposed to copper cations (up to 390 ppm) exhibited higher oxidative DNA damage. Curcumin reduced the DNA damage induced by 390 ppm copper. We observed statistically significant increase in damage in individuals exposed to 390 ppm copper versus the control or curcumin groups, which was lowered by the presence of curcumin. Qualitative data on comets evidenced that cells from individuals exposed to 390 ppm copper had longer tails (categories 3 and 4) than in 390 ppm copper + curcumin. A statistically significant increase in frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE/10000TE) was observed only in 390 ppm copper versus the control and curcumin alone. Also cytotoxicity measured as the frequency of polychromatic erythrocytes (PE/1000TE) was attributable to 390 ppm copper. The lowest cytotoxic effect observed was attributed to curcumin. In vivo exposure to 0.2% curcumin for 48 hr did not cause genomic damage, while 390 ppm copper was genotoxic, but DNA damage induced by 390 ppm copper was diminished by curcumin. Curcumin seems to exert a genoprotective effect against DNA damage induced by high concentrations of copper cations. The comet and micronucleus assays prove to be suitable tools to detect DNA damage by copper in the presence of curcumin.

5

DNA damage and repair after exposure to sevoflurane in vivo, evaluated in Swiss albino mice by the alkaline comet assay and micronucleus test

75%

Brozovic G., Orsolic N., Rozgaj R., Kasuba V., Knezevic F., Knezevic A. H., Benkovic V., Lisicic D., Borojevic N., Dikic D.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2010

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vol. 51

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issue 1

79-86

EN

The relationship between DNA damage and repair of peripheral blood leukocytes, liver, kidney and brain cells was investigated in Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus L.) after exposure to sevoflurane (2.4 vol% for 2 h daily, for 3 days). Genetic damage of mouse cells was investigated by the comet assay and micronucleus test. To perform the comet assay, mice were divided into a control group and 4 groups of exposed mice sacrificed on day 3 of the experiment, at 0, 2, 6 or 24 h after the last exposure to sevoflurane. Mean tail length (TL), tail moment (TM), and tail intensity (TI) values were significantly higher in exposed mice (all examined organs) than in the control group. Significant DNA damage immediately after exposure to sevoflurane was observed in leukocytes. Damage induction in the liver, kidney, and brain occurred 6 h later than in leukocytes, as expected according to the toxicokinetics of the drug, where blood is the first compartment to absorb sevoflurane. However, none of the tested tissues revealed signs of repair until 24 h after the exposure. To distinguish the unrepaired genome damage in vivo, the micronucleus test was applied. Number of micronuclei in reticulocytes showed a statistically significant increase, as compared with the control group at all observed times after the treatment.

Refine search results

The 'comet' assay for detection of potential genotoxicity of polluted water

Genotoxicity of the volatile anaesthetic desflurane in human lymphocytes in vitro, established by comet assay

DNA damage in mouse lymphocytes exposed to curcumin and copper

Protective in vivo effect of curcumin on copper genotoxicity evaluated by comet and micronucleus assays

DNA damage and repair after exposure to sevoflurane in vivo, evaluated in Swiss albino mice by the alkaline comet assay and micronucleus test