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1

Cytogenetic markers for X chromosome in a karyotype of rainbow trout from Rutki strain (Poland)

100%
Ocalewicz K.
Folia Biologica
|
2002
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vol. 50
|
issue 1-2
13-16
EN
Cytogenetic or molecular identification of sex chromosomes could help in breeding studies in producing monosex fish stocks, estimating success of androgenesis, gynogenesis, etc. Among fish species sex chromosomes are recognizable in only a few cases. Some populations of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss show morphologically differentiated sex chromosomes. A strain from Rutki, Poland, showed a heteromorphic pair of subtelocentric chromosome: presumably of the XY type in the male and XX in the female. Restriction endonuclease and DAPI banding resulted in a characteristic banding pattern enabling identification of the X chromosome.
2

Cytogenetic characterization of Geophagus brasiliensis and two species of Gymnogeophagus (Cichlidae: Geophaginae) from Guaiba Lake, RS, Brazil

100%
Bettin_ P. L., Giuliano-Caetano L., Dias A. L.
Folia Biologica
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2010
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vol. 58
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issue 1-2
29-34
EN
The karyotypes of three species of fish of the Cichlidae family from the Forqueta river and several locations in Gua?ba lake/RS (Brazil) were analyzed. All species presented 2n=48, while Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys showed two karyotypic formulae: 4m+44st-a with FN=52 and 6m+42st-a with FN=54. Gymnogeophagus labiatus presented 4m+4sm+40st-a and FN=56 and Geophagus brasiliensis 4sm+44st-a and FN=52. Simple NORs were found in all species with the exception of a population of G. gymnogenys from Saco da Alemoa/Barra do Ribeiro. CMA3 staining revealed NOR sites, while DAPI staining was negative and heterochromatin was limited to pericentromeric regions and associated to NORs, except in G. labiatus. The data show a conserved pattern in Geophagus brasiliensis and karyotype variation in the species of Gymnogeophagus.
3

Karyotypes of two species of the genus Pimelodus (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae)

100%
Treco F. R., Dias A. L.
|
2009
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vol. 57
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issue 1-2
43-48
EN
A cytogenetic study was conducted on two species of the genus Pimelodus that were collected from the Piquiri river, Paran?, Brazil: Pimelodus paranaensis and Pimelodus heraldoi. Both had a diploid number of 2n=56 chromosomes and a fundamental number (FN) of 104. In P. paranaensis, the karyotype consisted of 22m+22sm+4st+8a chromosomes, whereas the karyotype of P. heraldoi consisted of 18m+24sm+6st+8a. The AgNORs were localized in the terminal region of the long arm in one pair of subtelocentric chromosomes, pair 24 in P. paranaensis and pair 23 in P. heraldoi. The latter species showed size heteromorphism of these regions between the chromosome homologues. Heterochromatin was distributed mainly in the terminal regions in the two species. CMA3-positive staining was observed in some chromosomes, besides being associated with NORs, which were all DAPI-negative, in both species of Pimelodus. C-banding plus CMA3 and DAPI showed that most of the heterochromatic regions were rich in AT bases in P. paranaensis and P. heraldoi.
4

Chromosome study of peled (Coregonus peled, Salmoniformes)

100%
Kirtiklis L., Jankun M.
|
EN
Chromosomes of Coregonus peled were examined by Giemsa, CMA3, Ag-NOR and C-banding. The karyotype of peled had a diploid number 2n=76, arm number NF=96 and consisted of twenty meta-submeta chromosomes and 56 subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes. C-positive blocks of heterochromatin were observed on the telomeric regions of meta- and submetacentric chromosomes. Pairs no. 1 and 11 had short arms, completely heterochromatic. TheNORwas observed at one acrocentric pair, no. 11. Arm length polymorphism was observed on the NOR-bearing pair.
5

Homologous chromosomes characteristics by sequential banding procedures in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

100%
Ocalewicz K., Jakun M., Luczynski M.
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|
vol. 51
|
issue 1-2
41-46
EN
The development of high resolution methods of chromosome banding helped the finding of homologous chromosomes, detecting chromosomal abnormalities, and assigning the gene loci to particular chromosomes in mammals. Unfortunately, small and numerous fish chromosomes do not show GC rich and GC poor compartments, this preventing the establishment of G banding pattern. The combination of techniques enabling the identification of constitutive heterochromatin (C-banding), heterochromatin resistant to restriction endonucleas, NOR bearing chromosomes (AgNO3 banding), or AT rich regions on chromosomes (DAPI banding) in sequential staining provides a better characteristic of fish chromosomes. In this work sequentially DAPI, Dde I, AgNO3 stained chromosomes of rainbow trout resulted in the characteristic banding pattern of some homologous chromosomes. Procedure of FISH with telomere probe and DAPI as a counterstaining fluorochrome visualized simultaneous hybridization signals and DAPI banding. Possibility of detection both FISH and DAPI signals can help in procedures of gene mapping on chromosomes.
6

Chromosome banding studies by replication and restriction enzyme treatment in vendace (Coregonus albula) (Salmonidae, Salmoniformes)

88%
Jankun M., Ocalewicz K., Mochol M.
Folia Biologica
|
2004
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vol. 52
|
issue 1-2
47-51
EN
Chromosome banding studies were performed in vendace, Coregonus albula. Original data on distribution of early and late replication regions, restriction sites (AluI, DdeI, HinfI and HaeIII) on chromosomes in this coregonid fish have been used to analyse karyotype heterochromatin differentiation. Heterochromatic bands (C-positive and not digested by restriction enzymes) have been identified as late replicating regions. Extra bands produced by the applied methods have permitted the identification of several homologous pairs. The centromeres were differentially digested by the restriction enzymes. The studied population seems to be homogenic regarding karyotype characteristics.
7

Tools of the trade: diagnostics and research in domestic animal cytogenetics

88%
Iannuzzi L., Berardino_Di D.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2008
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vol. 49
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issue 4
357-366
EN
This paper describes the most common cytogenetic techniques we routinely adopt in our laboratories for producing high-resolution banding on prometaphase stage chromosomes, from synchronized or nonsynchronized blood cultures. Special emphasis is given to the FISH procedures applied to prometaphase chromosomes for mapping purposes. Each section includes historical information, basic principles for the given technique, its primary use in veterinary cytogenetics, and major limitations. Supplementary material (protocols and chemicals used) are available on our website. Even though these techniques mainly refer to the Bovidae, they can be easily extended and adapted to members of other taxa.
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