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EN
Flavonoids form a group of secondary metabolites ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. These compounds are synthesized in plant tissues on the phenylalanine lyase pathway and may be divided into several groups, differing in their skeleton: flavones, flavonols, isoflavons, flavanons, flavan-3-ols (catechins), anthocyanidins, aurons, and chalcons. All these compounds occurring in plant tissues may be hydroxylated, methylated or sulphated and are substituted with different groups such as sugars or acyls. More than 6000 compounds differing in their chemical and biological properties belong to this group. Fast and precise methods of identification and quantitative analysis of all these plant constituents are necessary because of their important biological functions and different applications of plant products. Instrumental analytical methods used in this purpose are described in the paper. Special concern is directed to particularly useful hyphenated chromatographic techniques such as HPLC C/MS, HPLC/NMR, GC/MS, and CE/MS.
EN
Identification of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins provides better understanding of their biological functions. Mass spectrometry has become a method of choice for the analysis of PTMs, both MALDI-ToF and tandem (MS/MS) mass spectrometers are perfect tools for assignment of PTMs. The latter due to their peptide fragmentation capability give better identification and information about localization of PTMs in protein molecule. In this paper, an overview of possible use of mass spectrometry and bioinformatic tools together with description of the basic features and limits of the analysis of post translational modifications by mass spectrometry are presented.
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